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Cases were 229 post\u2010menopausal women with incident, histologically confirmed gastric cancer, and controls were 614 post\u2010menopausal women in hospital for acute, nonneoplastic, non\u2010digestive\u2010tract conditions. After allowance for age, education, family history, and selected dietary correlates of stomach cancer, a reduced gastric\u2010cancer risk was observed in women with later menopause (odds ratio, OR = 0.6, p value for trend &lt;0.05), and longer duration of fertile life (OR = 0.7, but the trend in risk was not significant). The risk of gastric cancer was elevated in multiparous women (OR = 1.7 for 3 and 1.9 for \u2265 4 births as compared to nulliparae). No association was observed with age at menarche, age at first birth, and with number of spontaneous or induced abortions. Ever\u2010users of oral contraceptives had a non\u2010significant increased risk (OR = 1.3), and users of oestrogen\u2010replacement treatment a non\u2010significant reduced risk (OR = 0.5). Although the association with each factor was moderate, and the interpretation of these findings is not straightforward, these results are compatible with the hypothesis that some role is played by (endogenous and exogenous) female hormones in the process of gastric carcinogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910590609","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,20]],"date-time":"2007-02-20T00:42:22Z","timestamp":1171932142000},"page":"761-764","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Menstrual and reproductive factors and Gastric\u2010cancer risk in women"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Carlo","family":"La Vecchia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"D'Avanzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Franceschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Negri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Parazzini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriano","family":"Decarli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112673"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","series-title":"IARC Scientific Publication 32","volume-title":"The analysis of case\u2010control studies","author":"Breslow N. 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