{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T06:10:14Z","timestamp":1792131014058,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,17]],"date-time":"2006-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1153094400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4199,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intl Journal of Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,1,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The theory that cancer may arise under conditions of reduced immune capacity is supported by observations of humans with immune deficiencies such as occur following organ transplants. However, no study on humans has been done in which the reference population was the same as that in which the cancer cases arose and in which there was a sufficiently long period of follow\u2010up. Information on 5,692 Nordic recipients of renal transplants in 1964\u20131982 was linked with the national cancer registries (1964\u20101986) and population registries. Person\u2010years at risk were calculated from the date of first transplantation until death or the end of the study period and were multiplied by the appropriate age\u2010 and calender\u2010specific incidence rates to obtain the expected numbers of cancers. Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) were calculated after stratification by a number of recorded variables. Altogether, 32,392 person\u2010years were accrued, and 471 cancers occurred, yielding overall SIR of 4.6 (95% CI, 4.0 to 5.2) for males and 4.5 (95% CI, 4.0 to 5.2) for females. Significant overall 2\u2010 to 5\u2010fold excess risks in both sexes were seen for cancers of the colon, larynx, lung and bladder, and in men also for cancers of the prostate and testis. Notably high risks, 10\u2010fold to 30\u2010fold above expectation, were associated with cancers of the lip, skin (non\u2010melanoma), kidney and endocrine glands, also with non\u2010Hodgkin's lymphoma, and in women also with cancers of the cervix and vulva\u2010vagina. Among a number of donor and recipient variables studied, including tissue types and compatibility (ABO, HLA, DR), age below 45 years at the time of transplantation was the most important determinant for increased risk at most sites. Kidney transplantation increases the risk of cancer in the short and in the long term, consistent with the theory that an impaired immune system allows carcinogenic factors to act. The tumor risk is small in comparison with the benefits of transplants, but patients should be followed up for signs of cancer. \u00a9 1995 Wiley\u2010Liss. Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910600209","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,24]],"date-time":"2008-09-24T14:09:18Z","timestamp":1222265358000},"page":"183-189","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":482,"title":["Cancer risk after renal transplantation in the nordic countries, 1964\u20131986"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Sven A.","family":"Birkeland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans H.","family":"Storm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars U.","family":"Lamm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lotti","family":"Barlow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingemar","family":"Blohm\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bjorn","family":"Forsberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bjorn","family":"Eklund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ole","family":"Fjeldborg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Friedberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Fr\u00f6din","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eystein","family":"Glattre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stein","family":"Halvorsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niels V.","family":"Holm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amt","family":"Jakobsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans E.","family":"Jorgensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorgen","family":"Ladefoged","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tore","family":"Lindholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Goran","family":"Lundgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eero","family":"Pukkala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.298.6667.153"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(78)92156-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199109193251203"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"1071","article-title":"Cancer in transplanted patients\u2014the Scandiatransplant material","author":"Birkeland S. A.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Transplant. Proc"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"504","article-title":"Cancer in cadaver\u2010kidney\u2010transplant patients","volume":"93","author":"Birkeland S. A.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19830501)51:9<1571::AID-CNCR2820510903>3.0.CO;2-S"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"23","article-title":"Malignant disease in renal\u2010transplant patients","volume":"39","author":"Blohm\u00e9 I.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-198402000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a070310"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5431.338"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/15.1.134"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-198708000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","first-page":"275","article-title":"Human papillomaviruses and cervical cancer","volume":"5","author":"Gissmann L.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Cancer Cells"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1986.01660230080015","article-title":"Cutaneous malignant neoplasms in patients with renal transplants","volume":"122","author":"Gupta A. K.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1809.1955.tb01285.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199003000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"Annual Report 1982","author":"Harvei S.","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","first-page":"369","volume-title":"Origins of human cancer","author":"Hoover R.","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(73)93256-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114668"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","first-page":"1039","article-title":"The incidence of tumors in human transplant recipients","author":"Kinlen L.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Transplant. Proc"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","first-page":"237","volume-title":"Mechanisms of carcinogenesis in risk identification","author":"Kinlen L. J.","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.6203.1461"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197512252932607"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/82.17.1392"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"Incidence of cancer in Norway 1978","author":"Lund E.","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","volume-title":"Cancer registration in Sweden. Studies on completeness and validity of incidence and mortality registers","author":"Mattson B.","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199206253262602"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V212s290","article-title":"Lymphoproliferative disorders after renal transplantation in patients receiving triple or quadruple immunosuppression","volume":"2","author":"Melosky B.","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Amer. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1991.tb04941.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(92)70244-A"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","first-page":"2483","article-title":"Evalueringen af cancerregistreringen i Danmark","volume":"147","author":"\u00d8sterlind A.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ugeskr. Laeger."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","first-page":"1121","article-title":"Development of cancer as a complication of clinical transplantation","author":"Penn I.","year":"1977","journal-title":"Transplant. Proc"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","first-page":"2790","article-title":"Lymphomas complicating organ transplantation","author":"Penn I.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Transplant. Proc"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","first-page":"603","article-title":"Cancer is a complication of severe immunosuppression","volume":"162","author":"Penn I.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Surg. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","first-page":"276","article-title":"Cancer after cyclosporine therapy","author":"Penn I.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Transplant. Proc"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","first-page":"359","article-title":"Gynecologic malignancies in immunosuppressed organhomograft recipients","volume":"45","author":"Porreco R.","year":"1975","journal-title":"Obstet. and Gynec"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","first-page":"836","article-title":"Completeness of the Finnish Cancer Registry in light of a linkage with Hospital Discharge Registry","volume":"49","author":"Pukkala E.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Suomen L\u00e4\u00e4k\u00e4risletiti."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","volume-title":"Epidemiologic analysis with a programmable calculator","author":"Rothman K. J.","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","volume-title":"Twenryfive years of a nationwide cancer registry","author":"Sax\u00e9n E.","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01655298"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/17.1.44"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","volume-title":"Cancer incidence in Denmark 1988","author":"Storm H. H.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199012203232502"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","first-page":"529","volume-title":"Cellular and humoral aspects of the hypersensitive stales","author":"Thomas L.","year":"1959"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","series-title":"IARC Scientific Publication 100","volume-title":"Cancer: causes, occurrence and control","author":"Tomatis L.","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","first-page":"3197","article-title":"Severe lymphoproliterative disease and Kaposi sarcoma in transplant patients","author":"Touraine J. L.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Transplant. Proc"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","unstructured":"Tulinius H. Storm H. H. Pukkala E. Andersen A.andEricsson J. Cancer in the Nordic countries. 1981\u201386. A joint publication of the five Nordic Cancer Registries. APMIS Suppl. 100 (1992)."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fijc.2910600209","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ijc.2910600209","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]],"date-time":"2023-10-26T00:12:09Z","timestamp":1698279129000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ijc.2910600209"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,1,17]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,1,17]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ijc.2910600209"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijc.2910600209","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-7136","1097-0215"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-7136","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0215","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,1,17]]}}}