{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T02:16:26Z","timestamp":1791252986557,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,17]],"date-time":"2006-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1153094400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4154,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intl Journal of Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,3,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Transforming growth\u2010factor\u2010\u03b1 (TGF\u2010\u03b1) is a 50\u2010amino\u2010acid polypeptide that binds to the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor and stimulates cell growth. It has been suggested that enhanced production of TGF\u2010\u03b1 and EGF receptors by tumour cells promote tumour\u2010cell growth by autocrine mechanisms. In the present study we have investigated the expression of TGF\u2010\u03b1 and EGF receptors in human neuroendocrine tumours, including midgut carcinoid tumours, phaeochromocytomas and medullary thyroid carcinomas. TGF\u2010\u03b1 expression was demonstrated in biopsies of all tumours examined (n = 30) and EGF receptors in a majority of tumours by Northern analysis and\/or immunocy\u2010tochemistry. Expression of TGF\u2010\u03b1 and EGF receptors was also demonstrated in primary cultures of tumour cells. Carcinoid tumours and phaeochromocytomas in culture secreted detectable amounts of TGF\u2010\u03b1 into the culture medium (400\u2013700 pM). The amount of secreted TGF\u2010\u03b1 could be suppressed by octreotide treatment in individual tumours. Administration of exogenous TGF\u2010\u03b1 stimulated carcinoid tumour growth in vitro as determined by the DNA contents of cell cultures. The growth\u2010stimulatory effect of TGF\u2010\u03b1 could be partially blocked by the use of neutralizing anti\u2010EGF receptor monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). In conclusion, several human neuroendocrine tumours express both TGF\u2010\u03b1 and EGF receptors in <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>, suggesting that TGF\u2010\u03b1 may regulate tumour\u2010cell growth by autocrine mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910600514","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,20]],"date-time":"2007-02-20T00:38:53Z","timestamp":1171931933000},"page":"645-651","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Expression of transforming growth factor alpha and its receptor in human neuroendocrine tumours"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Ola","family":"Nilsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"W\u00e4ngberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"K\u00f6lby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory S.","family":"Schultz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00e5kan","family":"Ahlman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"5253","article-title":"Human careinoid cell production of paracrine growth factors that can stimulate fibroblast and endothelial cell growth","volume":"51","author":"Beauchamp R. 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