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Significant associations were found with employment in the blast\u2010furnace or the coke\u2010oven industry [relative risk (RR), 1.7; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.1\u20132.7], the iron and steel industry (RR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.2\u20132.2) and exposure to asbestos (RR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1\u20131.8), cadmium (RR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.0\u20133.9), dry\u2010cleaning solvents (RR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1\u20131.7), gasoline (RR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.2\u20132.0) and other petroleum products (RR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.3\u20132.1). Asbestos, petroleum products and dry\u2010cleaning solvents appear to merit further investigation, in view of the relationship between risk and duration of employment or exposure and after adjustment for confounding. There was a negative association between RCC and education, but it was not consistent across all centers. Overall, the results of our multicenter case\u2010control study suggest that occupation may be more important in the etiology of RCC than indicated by earlier studies. \u00a9 <jats:italic>1995 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910610503","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,20]],"date-time":"2007-02-20T00:52:13Z","timestamp":1171932733000},"page":"601-605","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":162,"title":["International renal\u2010cell cancer study. IV. 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