{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T01:33:46Z","timestamp":1778031226616,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,18]],"date-time":"2006-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1153180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4008,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intl Journal of Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,7,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010one invasive squamous\u2010cell carcinomas (SCC) of the bladder from <jats:italic>Schistosoma\u2010hematobium<\/jats:italic>\u2010infected patients were examined immunohistochemically for the expression of p53, Rb, EGFR and c\u2010erbB\u20102 protiens; and screened by single\u2010strand conformation polymorphism and sequencing for mutations in the <jats:italic>ras<\/jats:italic> (H, N, K) codon hotspots (12, 13, 61) and <jats:italic>p53<\/jats:italic> (exons 4\u20109) genes. Positive staining for p53, EGFR and c\u2010erbB\u20102 was reported in 39, 67 and 28% of tumors respectively. Only one of the tumors, the oly one that was poorly differentiated, displayed an absence of nuclear Rb staining. Ras alterations were detected in the H\u2010<jats:italic>ras<\/jats:italic> gene in 3 tumors, 2 of which harbored a condon\u201013 (Gly \u2192 Arg) and one condon\u201012 (Gly \u2192 Ser) point mutation. <jats:italic>p53<\/jats:italic> mutations were recorded in 12 tumors (57%), 6 of which stained positively for <jats:italic>p53<\/jats:italic>. Four tumors had exon\u20107 mutations (codons 235, 241 and 249; one tumor had 2 exon\u20107 mutations). Eight tumors were mutated in exon 8 (codons 264, 271, 273, 285, 286, 288 and 294), 5 of which harbored miltiple mutations. One tumor had an insertion\/deletion event in exon 9. The frequency of detection of over\u2010expression of EGFR and c\u2010<jats:italic>erb<\/jats:italic>B\u20102 in bilharzial\u2010bladder lesions is comparable to that reported in TCC, contrasting with the infrequent loss of Rb expression found in invasive lesions associated with schistosomiasis infection. However, the detection of multiple <jats:italic>p53<\/jats:italic> mutations in these lesions is suggestive of the involvement of a carcinogenic agent with maintenance of preferential activation of the H\u2010<jats:italic>ras<\/jats:italic> gene. \u00a9 1995 Wiley\u2010Liss Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910620302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,20]],"date-time":"2007-02-20T00:47:36Z","timestamp":1171932456000},"page":"237-244","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Molecular events underlying schistosomiasis\u2010related bladder cancer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Nirasha","family":"Ramchurren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kum","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ian C.","family":"Summerhayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/350429a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1994.tb07636.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1991.139"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/84.16.1251"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"The amount of EGF receptor is elevated in squamous cell carcinomas","volume":"1","author":"Cowley G.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Cancer Cells"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1990.374"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"1393","article-title":"Frequent association of p53 gene mutations in invasive bladder cancer","volume":"52","author":"Fujimoto K.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"915","article-title":"Frequency of active ras oncogenes in human bladder cancers associated with schistosomiasis","volume":"78","author":"Fujita J.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Jap. 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