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Overall, these patients developed 2 to 2\u00b0 times more lung cancers than women in the general Danish population. Women in whom cervical cancer was diagnosed recently, and before the age of 45 years, had a 4.6 times elevated risk of developing lung cancer, while young women with vulvar or vaginal cancer were at a 4.0\u2010fold elevated risk. Similarly, women in whom anal cancer was diagnosed before the age of 60 years were at a 3.5\u2010fold increased risk of developing lung cancer. The present study supports the hypothesis that smoking is involved in the aetiology of ano\u2010genital malignancies. The particularly high risk of developing subsequent lung cancers seen in women who were pre\u2010menopausal (&lt;45 years) at the time of the ano\u2010genital cancer diagnosis suggests that the effect of smoking in ano\u2010genital carcinogenesis might be partly mediated through alterations in oestrogen metabolism. Alternatively, patients who developed their initial ano\u2010genital cancer at a young age might harbour some genetic susceptibility which could explain their excess lung\u2010cancer risk. \u00a9 1995 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910620503","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,20]],"date-time":"2007-02-20T00:46:04Z","timestamp":1171932364000},"page":"508-511","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Risk of lung cancer in pre\u2010 and post\u2010menopausal women with ano\u2010genital malignancies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Morten","family":"Frisch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mads","family":"Melbye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a113730","article-title":"Smoking and estrogen\u2010related disease","volume":"119","author":"Baron J. 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