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The cancer patients had been exposed to repeated chest fluoroscopic examinations during early childhood and adolescence. The development of breast cancer was correlated with DNA repair proficiency and history of radiation exposure. The results of the family study provide preliminary support for the hypothesis that a deficiency in repair of X\u2010irradiation DNA damage may be a susceptibility factor for the development of breast cancer. This hypothesis, however, requires confirmation in a larger study. Studying the combined effect of susceptibility factors and environmental exposures may enhance our knowledge of the etiology of breast cancer and provide leads for effective prevention strategies aimed at reducing exposures or altering susceptibility to unavoidable exposures. \u00a9 1995 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910640105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,20]],"date-time":"2007-02-20T01:10:32Z","timestamp":1171933832000},"page":"14-17","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Familial clustering of breast cancer: Possible interaction between dna repair proficiency and radiation exposure in the development of breast cancer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Kathy J.","family":"Helzlsouer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily L.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Parshad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandy","family":"Fogel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William L.","family":"Bigbee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine K.","family":"Sanford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/59.3.823"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3574828"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Health effects of exposure to low levels of ionizing radiation","author":"Committee on the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiations","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2270482"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199207303270505"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910430310"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036056"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910540412"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3563520"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/85.20.1679"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198911093211902"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.9.3044"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114403"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910530203"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09553008914551001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)91546-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/82.12.1050"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/canjclin.32.5.301"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","first-page":"329","article-title":"Mutagen sensitivity in upper aerodigestive tract cancer: a case\u2010control analysis","volume":"2","author":"Spitz M. 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