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The outcome of peritoneal carcinomatosis treatments is unsatisfactory, possibly because chemotherapy activates events that have in the long\u2010term deleterious effects. In this study we offer evidence that 5\u2010fluorouracile (5\u2010FU), besides provoking apoptosis of MC38 colon carcinoma cells, induces a striking attraction of leukocytes both in an orthotopic model of colon carcinomatosis\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    and in monocyte\u2010migration assays\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Leukocyte attraction depends on the presence of High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1), an endogenous immune adjuvant and chemoattractant released by dying cells. Leukocyte recruitment is prevented\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    using blocking antibodies against HMGB1 and its competitive antagonist BoxA or by interfering with HMGB1 expression. Autophagy is required for leukocyte chemoattraction, since the latter abates upon pharmacological blockade of the autophagic flux while activation of autophagy\n                    <jats:italic>per se<\/jats:italic>\n                    , in the absence of death of colon carcinoma cells, is not sufficient to attract leukocytes. Our results identify autophagy induction and HMGB1 release in colon carcinoma cells as key events responsible for 5\u2010FU elicited leukocyte attraction and define a novel rate\u2010limiting target for combinatorial therapies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,6]],"date-time":"2014-08-06T09:37:45Z","timestamp":1407317865000},"page":"1381-1389","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["5\u2010Fluorouracil causes leukocytes attraction in the peritoneal cavity by activating autophagy and HMGB1 release in colon carcinoma cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"136","author":[{"given":"Lucia","family":"Cottone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Regenerative Medicine San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milano Italy"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Vita\u2010Salute San Raffaele University Milano Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annalisa","family":"Capobianco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Regenerative Medicine San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milano Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Gualteroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Regenerative Medicine San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milano Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristiana","family":"Perrotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences \u201cL. 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