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Fanciful notions that soon fell into oblivion are mentioned such as Paracelsus and van Helmont substituting Galen's\n                    <jats:italic>black bile<\/jats:italic>\n                    by mysterious\n                    <jats:italic>ens<\/jats:italic>\n                    or\n                    <jats:italic>archeus<\/jats:italic>\n                    systems. Likewise, unfortunate episodes such as Virchow claiming Remak's hypotheses as his own remind us that human shortcomings can affect otherwise excellent scientists. However, age\u2010old benchmark observations, hypotheses, and practices of historic and scientific interest are underscored, excerpts included, as precursors of recent discoveries that shaped modern medicine. Examples include: Petit's total mastectomy with excision of axillary\n                    <jats:italic>glands<\/jats:italic>\n                    for breast cancer; a now routine practice, Peyrilhe's\n                    <jats:italic>ichorous matter<\/jats:italic>\n                    a cancer\u2010causing factor he tested for transmissibility one century before Rous confirmed the virus\u2010cancer link, Hill's warning of the dangers of tobacco snuff; heralding today's cancer pandemic caused by smoking, Pott reporting scrotum cancer in chimney sweepers; the first proven occupational cancer, Velpeau's remarkable foresight that a yet unknown subcellular\n                    <jats:italic>element<\/jats:italic>\n                    would have to be discovered in order to define the nature of cancer; a view confirmed by cancer genetics two centuries later, ending with R\u00f6ntgen and the Curies, and Gilman\n                    <jats:italic>et al<\/jats:italic>\n                    . ushering radiation (1896, 1919) and medical oncology (1942), respectively.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,11]],"date-time":"2014-08-11T10:12:02Z","timestamp":1407751922000},"page":"2022-2036","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":160,"title":["A brief history of cancer: Age\u2010old milestones underlying our current knowledge database"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"136","author":[{"given":"Guy B.","family":"Faguet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Hematology\u2010Oncology, Georgia Regents University Augusta GA (retired)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00114-003-0473-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_3_1","unstructured":"An ancient Medical Treasure at your fingertips. 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