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Better progression\u2010free survival and overall survival after tandem autologs\/allogeneic stem cell transplantation suggest a graft <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic> myeloma effect strongly supporting the usefulness of immunological therapies for MM patients. How to induce a powerful antimyeloma effect is the key issue in this field. Pivotal is the definition of appropriate tumor antigen targets and effective methods for expansion of T cells with clinical activity. Besides a comprehensive list of tumor antigens for T cell\u2010based approaches, eight promising antigens, CS1, Dickkopf\u20101, HM1.24, Human telomerase reverse transcriptase, MAGE\u2010A3, New York Esophageal\u20101, Receptor of hyaluronic acid mediated motility and Wilms' tumor gene 1, are described in detail to provide a background for potential clinical use. Results from both closed and on\u2010going clinical trials are summarized in this review. On the basis of the preclinical and clinical data, we elaborate on three encouraging therapeutic options, vaccine\u2010enhanced donor lymphocyte infusion, chimeric antigen receptors\u2013transfected T cells as well as vaccines with multiple antigen peptides, to pave the way towards clinically significant immune responses against MM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29190","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,6]],"date-time":"2014-09-06T09:19:07Z","timestamp":1409995147000},"page":"1751-1768","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["T cell\u2010based targeted immunotherapies for patients with multiple myeloma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"136","author":[{"given":"Lei","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine V University Clinic Heidelberg University of Heidelberg  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