{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T02:56:57Z","timestamp":1782356217706,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,30]],"date-time":"2014-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1412035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intl Journal of Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Intrauterine devices (IUDs), long\u2010acting and reversible contraceptives, induce a number of immunological and biochemical changes in the uterine environment that could affect endometrial cancer (EC) risk. We addressed this relationship through a pooled analysis of data collected in the Epidemiology of Endometrial Cancer Consortium. We combined individual\u2010level data from 4 cohort and 14 case\u2010control studies, in total 8,801 EC cases and 15,357 controls. Using multivariable logistic regression, we estimated pooled odds ratios (pooled\u2010ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for EC risk associated with ever use, type of device, ages at first and last use, duration of use and time since last use, stratified by study and adjusted for confounders. Ever use of IUDs was inversely related to EC risk (pooled\u2010OR\u2009=\u20090.81, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.74\u20130.90). Compared with never use, reduced risk of EC was observed for inert IUDs (pooled\u2010OR\u2009=\u20090.69, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.58\u20130.82), older age at first use (\u226535 years pooled\u2010OR\u2009=\u20090.53, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.43\u20130.67), older age at last use (\u226545 years pooled\u2010OR\u2009=\u20090.60, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.50\u20130.72), longer duration of use (\u226510 years pooled\u2010OR\u2009=\u20090.61, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.52\u20130.71) and recent use (within 1 year of study entry pooled\u2010OR\u2009=\u20090.39, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.30\u20130.49). Future studies are needed to assess the respective roles of detection biases and biologic effects related to foreign body responses in the endometrium, heavier bleeding (and increased clearance of carcinogenic cells) and localized hormonal changes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29229","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,20]],"date-time":"2014-09-20T08:51:37Z","timestamp":1411203097000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Intrauterine devices and endometrial cancer risk: A pooled analysis of the <scp>E<\/scp>pidemiology of <scp>E<\/scp>ndometrial <scp>C<\/scp>ancer <scp>C<\/scp>onsortium"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"136","author":[{"given":"Ashley S.","family":"Felix","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hormonal and Reproductive Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute Bethesda MD"},{"name":"Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program, Division of Cancer Prevention National Cancer Institute 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