{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T12:08:16Z","timestamp":1792325296889,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,12]],"date-time":"2014-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1415750400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000289","name":"Cancer Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intl Journal of Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Female sex hormones are thought to affect women's risk of developing central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Some have reported an increased risk in users of menopausal hormone therapy (HT) but evidence is limited. In the UK General Practice Research Database we compared prospectively collected information on HT prescriptions in women aged 50\u201379 years with CNS tumors diagnosed in 1987\u20132011 with that in matched controls (four per case). Relative risks (RRs) in relation to prescribed HT were calculated overall and by CNS tumor subtype. Statistical tests are two\u2010sided. For all CNS tumors (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20093,500), glioma (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009689), meningioma (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091,197), acoustic neuroma (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009439), and pituitary tumors (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009273) adjusted RRs for women prescribed HT versus not were, respectively, 1.21 (95% confidence intervals (CI)\u2009=\u20091.10\u20131.32, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001), 1.14 (0.93\u20131.40, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.2), 1.30 (1.11\u20131.51, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001), 1.37 (1.06\u20131.75, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01), and 1.35 (0.99\u20131.85, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.06). There was no significant difference in risk by tumor subtype (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>heterogeneity<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u20090.6). A meta\u2010analysis was conducted, combining our results with those from other published studies with prospectively collected exposure information. The meta\u2010analyses yielded significantly increased risks for all CNS tumors, glioma and meningioma in users of estrogen\u2010only [1.35 (1.22\u20131.49), 1.23 (1.06\u20131.42) and 1.31 (1.20\u20131.43), respectively] but not estrogen\u2010progestin HT [1.09 (0.99\u20131.19), 0.92 (0.78\u20131.08) and 1.05 (0.95\u20131.16), respectively]; these differences were statistically significant (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.005 for each tumor type). There was no significant difference between glioma and meningioma risk in users of estrogen\u2010only HT. The totality of the available evidence suggests an increased risk of all CNS tumors (and of glioma and meningioma separately) in users of estrogen\u2010only HT. Absolute excess risk (2 per 10,000 users over 5 years) is small.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,21]],"date-time":"2014-10-21T14:20:40Z","timestamp":1413901240000},"page":"2369-2377","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":102,"title":["Menopausal hormone therapy and central nervous system tumor risk: Large <scp>UK<\/scp> prospective study and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"136","author":[{"given":"Victoria S.","family":"Benson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Unit Nuffield Department of Population Health University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building Roosevelt Drive Oxford OX3 7LF United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oksana","family":"Kirichek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Unit Nuffield Department of Population Health University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building Roosevelt Drive Oxford OX3 7LF United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerie","family":"Beral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Unit Nuffield Department of Population Health University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building Roosevelt Drive Oxford OX3 7LF United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"The Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). Hormone replacement therapy: safety update\u2014UK Public Assessment Report. 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Cancer incidence in five continents annual dataset. Available at:http:\/\/ci5.iarc.fr\/CI5plus\/ci5plus.htm. (accessed on April 2 2014)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","unstructured":"Office for National Statistics. Cancer Statistics Registrations and Population Estimates of UK. Available at:https:\/\/www.ons.gov.uk\/ons. 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