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We aimed to quantify the impact of mammographic density on breast cancer risk in women aged 40\u201349 at intermediate familial risk of breast cancer (average lifetime risk of 23%), in particular in premenopausal women, and to investigate its relationship with other breast cancer risk factors in this population. We present the results from a case\u2010control study nested with the FH01 cohort study of 6,710 women mostly aged 40\u201349 at intermediate familial risk of breast cancer. One hundred and three cases of breast cancer were age\u2010matched to one or two controls. Density was measured by semiautomated interactive thresholding. Absolute density, but not percent density, was a significant risk factor for breast cancer in this population after adjusting for area of nondense tissue (OR per 10 cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20091.07, 95% CI 1.00\u20131.15, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.04). The effect was stronger in premenopausal women, who made up the majority of the study population. Absolute density remained a significant predictor of breast cancer risk after adjusting for age at menarche, age at first live birth, parity, past or present hormone replacement therapy, and the Tyrer\u2010Cuzick 10\u2010year relative risk estimate of breast cancer. Absolute density can improve breast cancer risk stratification and delineation of high\u2010risk groups alongside the Tyrer\u2010Cuzick 10\u2010year relative risk estimate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29275","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,21]],"date-time":"2014-10-21T14:22:09Z","timestamp":1413901329000},"page":"2378-2387","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["A case\u2010control study to assess the impact of mammographic density on breast cancer risk in women aged 40\u201349 at intermediate familial risk"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"136","author":[{"given":"Valentina","family":"Assi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie J.","family":"Massat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"MacKay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Warwick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masako","family":"Kataoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iqbal","family":"Warsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Brentnall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Warren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen W.","family":"Duffy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"Cancer Research UK. 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