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To explore whether patients regularly exposed to systemic NSAIDs are at a reduced risk of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) or squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), we conducted a population\u2010based case\u2010control analysis using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink, a United Kingdom primary care database. We identified 65,398 patients with incident BCC and 7,864 patients with incident SCC diagnosed between 1995 and 2013 and matched 1 and 4 NMSC\u2010free controls to each BCC and SCC case, respectively, on age, sex, general practice, calendar time and years of history in the database. We compared prior NSAID exposure between cases and controls using multivariate conditional logistic regression analyses controlling for several potential confounders. Overall, we found no association between NSAID use and BCC, but when looking exclusively at users of single NSAID substances there was a suggestion of a reduced BCC risk in regular users of aspirin and ibuprofen (adjusted odds ratio [adj. OR]: 0.92, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.85\u20130.99 and adj. OR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.48\u20130.78, respectively). The risk of SCC was slightly decreased in regular users of any NSAIDs (adj. OR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.82\u20130.97), with the strongest risk reduction observed in current users of coxibs (adj. OR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.62\u20130.95). These findings provide evidence that patients predisposed to NMSC might benefit from chemoprevention with NSAIDs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29357","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,24]],"date-time":"2014-11-24T09:23:05Z","timestamp":1416820985000},"page":"144-153","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Nonsteroidal anti\u2010inflammatory drugs and the risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"137","author":[{"given":"Daphne","family":"Reinau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Basel Pharmacoepidemiology Unit, Division of Clinical Pharmacy and Epidemiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Basel  Switzerland"},{"name":"Hospital Pharmacy University Hospital Basel  Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Surber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University Hospital Basel  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