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The new screening guidelines involve an extension of the screening interval from 5 to 10 years for hrHPV\u2010negative women aged 40 or 50 years. We investigated the impact of this program change on the lifetime cancer risks in women without an hrHPV infection at age 30, 35, 40, 45 or 50 years. The time to cancer was estimated using 14\u2010year follow\u2010up data from a population\u2010based screening intervention trial and the nationwide database of histopathology reports. The new screening guidelines are expected to lead to a reduced cervical cancer risk for all age groups. The average risk reduction was 34% and was smallest (25%) among women aged 35 years. The impact of hrHPV screening on the cancer risk was sensitive to the duration from cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2\/3 (CIN2\/3) to cancer; a small increase in the cancer risk was estimated for women aged 35 or 40 years in case a substantial proportion of CIN2\/3 showed fast progression to cancer. Our results indicate that primary hrHPV screening with a ten\u2010yearly interval for hrHPV\u2010negative women of age 40 and beyond will lead to a further reduction in lifetime cancer risk compared to five\u2010yearly cytology, provided that precancerous lesions progress slowly to cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29381","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,9]],"date-time":"2014-12-09T05:04:25Z","timestamp":1418101465000},"page":"420-427","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Primary human papillomavirus DNA screening for cervical cancer prevention: Can the screening interval be safely extended?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"137","author":[{"given":"Margaretha A.","family":"Vink","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics VU University Medical Center Amsterdam 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