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For a deeper understanding of the role of the infiltrating\u2010lymphocytes in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), we characterized the lymphocyte infiltrate repertoires and defined their features. Immunohistochemistry revealed considerable T and B cell infiltrates and lymphoid follicles with germinal center\u2010like structures within the tumor microenvironment. Flow cytometry demonstrated that populations of antigen\u2010experienced CD4+ and CD8+ cells were present, as well as an enrichment of regulatory T cells; and T cells expressing programmed death\u20101 (PD\u20101) and T cell Ig and mucin protein\u20103 (Tim\u20103), indicative of exhaustion, within the tumor microenvironment. Characterization of tumor\u2010infiltrating B cells revealed clear evidence of antigen exposure, in that the cardinal features of an antigen\u2010driven B cell response were present, including somatic mutation, clonal expansion, intraclonal variation and isotype switching. Collectively, our results point to an adaptive immune response occurring within the OSCC microenvironment, which may be sustained by the expression of specific antigens in the tumor.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.30019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,27]],"date-time":"2016-01-27T23:16:46Z","timestamp":1453936606000},"page":"2952-2962","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["An adaptive immune response driven by mature, antigen\u2010experienced <scp>T<\/scp> and <scp>B<\/scp> cells within the microenvironment of oral squamous cell carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"138","author":[{"given":"Hongzhi","family":"Quan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Science Central South University Changsha Hunan 410013 People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Research Institution of Stomatology, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital &amp; School of Stomatology Central South University Changsha 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