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Irregular menstruation was classified via medical record and self\u2010report at age 26. We identified 116 cases and 84 deaths due to ovarian cancer through 2011 via linkage to the California Cancer Registry and Vital Statistics. Contrary to expectation, women with irregular menstrual cycles had a higher risk of ovarian cancer incidence and mortality over the 50\u2010year follow\u2010up. Associations increased with age (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt;0.05). We observed a 2\u2010fold increased incidence and mortality by age 70 (95% confidence interval [CI]\u2009=\u20091.1, 3.4) rising to a 3\u2010fold increase by age 77 (95% CI\u2009=\u20091.5, 6.7 for incidence; 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.4, 5.9 for mortality). We also found a 3\u2010fold higher risk of mortality for high\u2010grade serous tumors (95% CI\u2009=\u20091.3, 7.6) that did not vary by age. This is the first prospective study to show an association between irregular menstruation and ovarian cancer\u2014we unexpectedly found higher risk for women with irregular cycles. These women are easy to identify and many may have polycystic ovarian syndrome. Classifying high\u2010risk phenotypes such as irregular menstruation creates opportunities to find novel early biomarkers, refine clinical screening protocols and potentially develop new risk reduction strategies. These efforts can lead to earlier detection and better survival for ovarian cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.30144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,15]],"date-time":"2016-04-15T15:51:40Z","timestamp":1460735500000},"page":"1009-1017","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Irregular menses predicts ovarian cancer: Prospective evidence from the Child Health and Development Studies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"139","author":[{"given":"Piera M.","family":"Cirillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Health and Development Studies of the Public Health Institute Berkeley CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica T.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Obstetrics and Gynecology Los Angeles CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelle I.","family":"Cedars","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCSF Medical Center at Mount Zion, Center for Reproductive Health San Francisco CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee\u2010may","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Services San Francisco CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara A.","family":"Cohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Health and Development Studies of the Public Health Institute Berkeley CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"Cancer Facts & Figures 2015","author":"American Cancer Society","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","unstructured":"National Cancer Institute. 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