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In this population\u2010based case\u2010control study, we evaluated the associations between cumulative lifetime cigarette tar exposure and cancers of the lung and upper aerodigestive tract (UADT). The study included 611 incident cases of lung cancer; 601 cases of UADT cancers (oropharyngeal, laryngeal and esophageal cancers); and 1,040 cancer\u2010free controls. We estimated lifetime exposure to cigarette tar based on tar concentrations abstracted from government cigarette records and self\u2010reported smoking histories derived from a standardized questionnaire. We analyzed the associations for cumulative tar exposure with lung and UADT cancer, overall and according to histological subtype. Cumulative tar exposure was highly correlated with pack\u2010years among ever smoking controls (Pearson coefficient\u2009=\u20090.90). The adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence limits) for the estimated effect of about 1 kg increase in tar exposure (approximately the interquartile range in all controls) was 1.61 (1.50, 1.73) for lung cancer and 1.21 (1.13, 1.29) for UADT cancers. In general, tar exposure was more highly associated with small, squamous and large cell lung cancer than adenocarcinoma. With additional adjustment for pack\u2010years, positive associations between tar and lung cancer were evident, particularly for small cell and large cell subtypes. Therefore, incorporating the composition of tobacco carcinogens in lifetime smoking exposure may improve lung cancer risk estimation. This study does not support the claim of a null or inverse association between \u201clow exposure\u201d to tobacco smoke and risk of these cancer types.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.30632","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,6]],"date-time":"2017-02-06T08:27:04Z","timestamp":1486369624000},"page":"2040-2050","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Case\u2010control study of cumulative cigarette tar exposure and lung and upper aerodigestive tract cancers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"140","author":[{"given":"Travis J.","family":"Meyers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology UCLA Fielding School of Public Health Los Angeles CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shen\u2010Chih","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology UCLA Fielding School of Public Health Los Angeles CA"},{"name":"Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, 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