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Although CRC exhibits different biological characteristics by anatomical subsite, the possibly heterogeneous impact of coffee on CRC by anatomical subsite has remained unclear. Here, we conducted two case\u2010control studies to examine the association between coffee consumption and CRC risk as well as risk by anatomic subsite among Japanese using data from the Hospital\u2010based Epidemiological Research Program at Aichi Cancer Center I and II (HERPACC\u2010I and II). Subjects were enrolled in HERPACC\u2010I between 1988 and 2000 and in HERPACC\u2010II between 2001 and 2005. Coffee consumption was measured with a self\u2010administered questionnaire. A conditional logistic regression model was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) of CRC with coffee consumption, adjusted for potential confounders of age, smoking, alcohol drinking, red meat intake, BMI, exercise, family history of CRC, and diabetes mellitus history. We estimated summary ORs by pooling study\u2010specific ORs with a fixed effects model. In total, 2,696 CRC cases and 13,480 non\u2010cancer outpatients as controls were included. Overall, compared to non\u2010drinkers, ORs of less than 1 cup\/day, 1\u20132 cups\/day and 3 or more cups\/day for CRC were 0.88 (95% CI: 0.77\u20131.00), 0.90 (95% CI: 0.80\u20131.01) and 0.78 (95% CI: 0.65\u20130.92), respectively (trend\u2010<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.009). Subsite\u2010specific analysis revealed a significant inverse linear trend between coffee consumption and distal colon cancer (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010trend\u2009=\u20090.048), and a tendency toward a lower risk of rectal cancer (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010trend\u2009=\u20090.068). These findings suggest that coffee consumption might impact the prevention of CRC, especially distal colon cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.30746","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,20]],"date-time":"2017-04-20T08:56:59Z","timestamp":1492678619000},"page":"298-308","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Coffee consumption and the risk of colorectal cancer by anatomical subsite in Japan: Results from the HERPACC studies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"141","author":[{"given":"Hiroko","family":"Nakagawa\u2010Senda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Prevention Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute Chikusa\u2010ku Nagoya Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8023-4581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hidemi","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Chikusa\u2010ku Nagoya Japan"},{"name":"Division of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute Chikusa\u2010ku Nagoya Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satoyo","family":"Hosono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Prevention Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute Chikusa\u2010ku Nagoya Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isao","family":"Oze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute Chikusa\u2010ku Nagoya Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hideo","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Prevention Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute Chikusa\u2010ku Nagoya Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keitaro","family":"Matsuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Chikusa\u2010ku Nagoya Japan"},{"name":"Division of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute Chikusa\u2010ku Nagoya Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"FerlayJ SoerjomataramI ErvikM et al. 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