{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:49:03Z","timestamp":1790729343636,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,27]],"date-time":"2017-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1501113600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"The study was partially supported by the Piedmont Region. GM is supported by MD\/PhD Program, University of Turin Medical School"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intl Journal of Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Testicular cancer is considered to originate from an impaired differentiation of fetal germ cells, but puberty could represent another time window of susceptibility. Our study aimed at investigating the association between environmental exposures acting during puberty\/adolescence (13\u201319 years of age) and the risk of testicular cancer. We used data of the EPSAM study, a case\u2013control study on germ\u2010cell testicular cancer conducted in the province of Turin, Italy, involving cases diagnosed between 1997 and 2008. Histologically confirmed cases (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009255) and controls (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009459) completed a postal questionnaire focusing in particular on the pubertal period (namely age 13 years) with questions on physical activity (competitive sports, gardening), lifestyle (alcohol consumption, smoking), occupational history and medical conditions. All analyses were adjusted for the matching variables, cryptorchidism and educational level. Having done at least one competitive sport during puberty (odds ratio [OR]: 0.72, 95% confidence interval: 0.52\u20131.00), gardening activities during puberty (OR: 0.62, 0.42\u20130.94) and having a lower weight than peers during puberty (OR: 0.64, 0.42\u20130.97) were all inversely associated with the risk of testicular cancer. No evidence of association between smoking or alcohol consumption during puberty and the risk of testicular cancer was observed. Regarding agriculture\u2010related occupations, we found an association with the risk of testicular cancer both for occasional jobs during puberty (OR: 2.40, 95% CI: 1.08\u20135.29) and ever employment in adolescence (OR: 2.59, 95% CI: 0.83\u20138.10). Our results suggest that postnatal exposures could play a role in testicular cancer aetiology, at least when acting in puberty or adolescence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.30884","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,12]],"date-time":"2017-07-12T08:56:39Z","timestamp":1499849799000},"page":"1803-1810","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Postnatal risk factors for testicular cancer: The EPSAM case\u2013control study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"141","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8748-3321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovenale","family":"Moirano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Unit\u2010CERMS, Department of Medical Sciences University of Turin and CPO\u2010Piemonte Torino Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Zugna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Unit\u2010CERMS, Department of Medical Sciences University of Turin and CPO\u2010Piemonte Torino Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Grasso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Unit\u2010CERMS, Department of Medical Sciences University of Turin and CPO\u2010Piemonte Torino Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dario","family":"Mirabelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Unit\u2010CERMS, Department of Medical Sciences University of Turin and CPO\u2010Piemonte Torino Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrizia","family":"Lista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Oncology Division 1 University Hospital \u201cCitta' della Salute e della Scienza\u201d Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Libero","family":"Ciuffreda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Oncology Division 1 University Hospital \u201cCitta' della Salute e della Scienza\u201d Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nereo","family":"Segnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Screening and Unit of Cancer Epidemiology WHO Collaborative Center for Cancer Early Diagnosis and Screening, CPO Piedmont and University Hospital \u201cCitta' della Salute e della Scienza\u201d Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franco","family":"Merletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Unit\u2010CERMS, Department of Medical Sciences University of Turin and CPO\u2010Piemonte Torino Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Richiardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Unit\u2010CERMS, Department of Medical Sciences University of Turin and CPO\u2010Piemonte Torino Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"Cancer incidence in five continents","author":"Forman D","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-10-0031"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2012.61"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyq120"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyp287"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2007.00760.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12148"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa067588"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2012.01286.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.28688"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.22.3.165"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","unstructured":"ISCO \u2013 International Standard Classification of Occupations. 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