{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T23:26:02Z","timestamp":1793229962297,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,31]],"date-time":"2017-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"L.A., S.d.S. and B.Q. have received occasional travel fund to attend scientific meetings from Merck"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intl Journal of Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>There are at least two different etio\u2010pathogenic pathways for the development of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC): one associated with infection by human papillomavirus (HPV) and another independent of HPV. We aimed to describe the histological characteristics of HPV\u2010associated and \u2010independent tumors and to determine the best strategy to identify HPV in VSCC. A single paraffin block was available for review from a series of 1,594 VSCCs. In all cases HPV DNA detection was analyzed using the SPF10PCR\/DEIA\/LiPA25 system and p16 immunohistochemistry (IHC). A tumor was considered as unquestionably HPV\u2010associated if both HPV DNA and p16 IHC were positive. A tumor was considered indisputably HPV\u2010independent if both HPV DNA and p16 IHC were negative. Two groups of tumors were classified as non\u2010conclusive: (1) HPV DNA+\/p16\u2212 and (2) HPV DNA\u2212\/p16+. WHO typing and a thorough histological evaluation were conducted in all cases. Four hundred and forty\u2010one tumors were HPV DNA+ with 367 cases (23.0%) being HPV DNA+\/p16+. The latter tumors were more frequently basaloid or warty (49.8%), but 36.5% were of the keratinizing type; 1,153 tumors were HPV DNA\u2212, with 1,060 cases (66.5%) being HPV DNA\u2212\/p16\u2212. These HPV DNA\u2212\/p16\u2212 tumors were mostly keratinizing (81.2%) but were occasionally basaloid or warty (5.2%). The features of HPV DNA\u2212\/p16+ cases (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200993) were similar to those of the HPV\u2010associated VSCC, and HPV DNA+\/p16\u2212 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200974) cases had a more diverse profile, although they were more similar to HPV\u2010independent tumors. Several histological characteristics were more frequently associated with HPV\u2010related VSCC (koilocytotic\u2010like change, necrosis, moderate to marked pleomorphism, invasive front in nests; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), however, none of these characteristics allowed differentiation between HPV\u2010associated and \u2010independent VSCC. In conclusion, histological criteria do not allow differentiation between HPV\u2010associated and \u2010independent VSCC. p16 Alone is a clinically easy strategy to determine HPV status in VSCC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.31006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,17]],"date-time":"2017-08-17T08:40:48Z","timestamp":1502959248000},"page":"2517-2527","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":93,"title":["\"Histological characteristics of HPV\u2010associated and \u2010independent squamous cell carcinomas of the vulva: A study of 1,594 cases\u201d"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"141","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5030-3526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia","family":"Rakislova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology ISGlobal, Hospital Cl\u00ednic \u2013 Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona 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