{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T01:35:13Z","timestamp":1784856913705,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,16]],"date-time":"2017-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1510790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000969","name":"American Institute for Cancer Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000969","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008126","name":"Dana-Farber\/Harvard Cancer Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P50 CA090381"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P50 CA090381"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008126","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intl Journal of Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Metabolic syndrome is associated with several cancers, but evidence for aggressive prostate cancer is sparse. We prospectively investigated the influence of metabolic syndrome and its components on risk of total prostate cancer and measures of aggressive disease in a cohort of Icelandic men. Men in the Reykjavik Study (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20099,097, enrolled 1967\u20131987) were followed for incident (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091,084 total;<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009378 advanced;<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009148 high\u2010grade) and fatal (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009340) prostate cancer until 2014. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for (1) measured metabolic factors at cohort entry (body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose) and (2) a metabolic syndrome score (range 0\u20134) combining the risk factors: BMI \u226530 kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>; systolic blood pressure (SBP) \u2265130 or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) \u226585 mm\u00a0Hg or taking antihypertensives; triglycerides \u2265150 mg\/dl; fasting blood glucose \u2265100 mg\/dl or self\u2010reported type 2 diabetes. Hypertension and type 2 diabetes were associated with a higher risk of total, advanced, high\u2010grade, and fatal prostate cancer, independent of BMI. Neither BMI nor triglycerides were associated with prostate cancer risk. Higher metabolic syndrome score (3\u20134 vs 0) was associated with a higher risk of fatal prostate cancer (HR 1.55; 95% CI: 0.89, 2.69;<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>trend\u2009=\u20090.08), although this finding was not statistically significant. Our findings suggest a positive association between midlife hypertension and diabetes and risk of total and aggressive prostate cancer. Further, metabolic syndrome as a combination of factors was associated with an increased risk of fatal prostate cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.31142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,8]],"date-time":"2017-11-08T08:42:58Z","timestamp":1510130578000},"page":"1166-1173","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Midlife metabolic factors and prostate cancer risk in later life"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"142","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2843-687X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbra A.","family":"Dickerman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Harvard T.H. 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Chan School of Public Health Boston MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katja","family":"Fall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston MA"},{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics \u00d6rebro University Hospital \u00d6rebro Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Giovannucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston MA"},{"name":"Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. 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