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However, it is unclear whether transplanted LNs contribute to immune surveillance. In our study, we investigated whether a single transplanted non\u2010vascularized LN, defined as a tumor\u2010draining transplanted lymph node (TDTLN), could exert an immune\u2010mediated antitumor effect. LN and lung metastases and primary tumor enlargement were evaluated in mice that were inoculated with B16\u2010F10\u2010luc2 melanoma cells in a hind limb footpad without (group 1) and with (group 2) popliteal lymph node (PLN) resection and in mice that underwent LN transplantation after PLN resection (group 3). The function of a TDTLN (group 3) and a tumor\u2010draining popliteal lymph node (TDPLN; group 1) was evaluated in the context of cancer. LN and lung metastases were significantly aggravated by PLN resection but were significantly decreased by LN transplantation. Immunohistochemistry showed that the TDTLNs retained T\u2010cells and B\u2010cells and fluorescence\u2010activated cell sorting analysis confirmed expansion of lymphocytes in these nodes; however, the degree of expansion in TDTLNs was different from that in TDPLNs. Expression of cytokines associated with immunostimulation was confirmed in the TDTLNs as well as in the TDPLNs. One of the differences in the immune\u2010mediated antitumor effect of the TDPLNs and TDTLNs was ascribed to a difference in the site of lymphocyte homing to peripheral LNs through high endothelial venules. Non\u2010vascularized LN transplantation had an immune\u2010mediated antitumor effect.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.31414","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,31]],"date-time":"2018-03-31T11:26:46Z","timestamp":1522495606000},"page":"1224-1235","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Immune\u2010mediated antitumor effect of a transplanted lymph node"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"143","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3612-8201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taku","family":"Maeda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita\u201015 Nishi\u20107, Kita\u2010ku Sapporo City Hokkaido 060\u20108638 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