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The first aim was to determine if the HPV prevalence is independent of sampling location (vagina <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic> cervix) and the person performing the sampling. The second aim was to evaluate if the two sampling strategies differed in the detection rate of CIN2+. In total, 19,523 women were randomised into two groups, with 9926 invited to perform self\u2010sampling (SS arm) using the Rover VIBA\u2010brush and 9597 offered assisted sampling using the cytobrush (AS arm). All samples were applied to the indicating FTA elute card and analysed for high\u2010risk HPV using the hpVIR real\u2010time PCR assay. The outcome for the first aim was HPV prevalence and for the second aim the number of CIN2+ based on histology. In the SS arm, 52.7% of invited women participated in the study, as compared to 34.2% in the AS arm. All samples contained sufficient amount of nuclear DNA for a valid HPV result, with vaginal samples having a higher DNA amount than cervical samples (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 4.62 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u221211<\/jats:sup>). HPV prevalence was 4.6% in the SS arm and 4.1% in the AS arm (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 5.5 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>), and the distribution of HPV types similar between arms. There was no difference in the prevalence of CIN2+ per 1000 women screened between arms (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.86). The results show that vaginal self\u2010sampling is an equivalent alternative to sampling by medical personnel for HPV typing and identification of CIN2+.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.31637","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,26]],"date-time":"2018-06-26T10:31:52Z","timestamp":1530009112000},"page":"89-97","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Randomised study of HPV prevalence and detection of CIN2+ in vaginal self\u2010sampling compared to cervical specimens collected by medical personnel"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"144","author":[{"given":"Inger","family":"Gustavsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Biomedical Center Science for Life Laboratory Uppsala, Uppsala University  Uppsala 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