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We conducted a case\u2013control study using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)\u2010Medicare database in US adults aged \u226566 years. Cases (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 1,825,316) were people with first cancers diagnosed in SEER registries (1993\u20132013). Controls (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 200,000) were randomly selected, cancer\u2010free individuals who were frequency\u2010matched to cases on age, sex, race and calendar year. Associations with HBV infection (ascertained by Medicare claims) were assessed by logistic regression. HBV prevalence was higher in cases than controls (0.6% <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. 0.5%). HBV was positively associated with cancers of the stomach (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.19; 95% confidence intervals [CI] = 1.03\u20131.37), anus (1.66; 1.17\u20132.33), liver (10.6; 9.66\u201311.6), intrahepatic bile ducts (1.67; 1.18\u20132.37), nasopharynx (2.08; 1.33\u20133.25), as well as myelodysplastic syndrome (1.26; 1.07\u20131.49) and diffuse large B\u2010cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (1.24; 1.06\u20131.46). Inverse associations were observed with female breast (aOR = 0.86; 95%CI = 0.76\u20130.98) and prostate (0.81; 0.73\u20130.91) cancers and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (0.77; 0.62\u20130.96). Associations were maintained in sensitivity analyses conducted in people without claims for cirrhosis or hepatitis C or human immunodeficiency virus infections. HBV infection is associated with increased risk of cancers other than HCC, such as bile duct cancers and DLBCL. The biological mechanisms by which HBV may lead to these cancers need to be explored.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.31643","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,4]],"date-time":"2018-07-04T09:01:01Z","timestamp":1530694861000},"page":"431-439","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Hepatitis B virus infection and the risk of cancer in the elderly US population"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"144","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1285-3310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Parag","family":"Mahale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute  Rockville MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric A.","family":"Engels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute  Rockville MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jill","family":"Koshiol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute  Rockville MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)61412-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2007.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(10)70167-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21642"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.02.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2008.17.3526"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2009.02147.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2013.689"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-15-1115"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-016-2918-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2016.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2013.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2011.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1499-3872(12)60219-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840160108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(90)90014-I"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.12.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01104.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2007.05.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxj009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.30559"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-200208001-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwr146"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis616"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","unstructured":"Procedure codes for SEER\u2010Medicare Analyses.https:\/\/healthcaredelivery.cancer.gov\/seermedicare\/considerations\/procedure_codes.html. 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