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PRIM1 mRNA expression levels in breast tumor samples were detected by real\u2010time PCR analysis. Xenografted tumor model was established to study the carcinogenic role of PRIM1 and its potential therapeutic applications. The average PRIM1 mRNA (copy number \u00d7 10<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\/\u03bcg) expression was 4.7\u2010fold higher in tumors than in normal tissue (*<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.005, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 254). PRIM1 was detected preferentially at a higher level (&gt;40\u2010fold) in poorly differentiated tumor tissues (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 46) compared with more highly differentiated tumors tissues (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 10) (*<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.005). Poor overall survival rate was correlated to the estrogen receptor positive (ER+, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 20) patients with higher PRIM1 expression when compare to the ER\u2212 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 10) patients (Chi Square test, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.03). Stable expression of PRIM1\u2010siRNA in the ER+ BT\u2010474 cells\u2010xenograft tumors significantly reduced tumor volume in SCID mice (*<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.005). The anti\u2010tumoral effects of inotilone isolated from <jats:italic>Phellinus linteus<\/jats:italic> was tested and had significant effects on the inhibition of PRIM1 protein expression in ER+ breast cancer cells. <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic> study was performed by administering inotilone (10 mg\/kg, twice a week for 6 weeks), which resulted in significantly reduced BT\u2010474\u2010xenografted tumor growth volume compared with control (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> =5 per group, *<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). This study provides evidences for the prognostic effects of PRIM1 with poor overall survival rate in the ER+ patients and will be valuable to test for therapeutic purpose.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.31788","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,11]],"date-time":"2018-08-11T07:15:40Z","timestamp":1533971740000},"page":"615-630","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["DNA primase polypeptide 1 (PRIM1) involves in estrogen\u2010induced breast cancer formation through activation of the G2\/M cell cycle checkpoint"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"144","author":[{"given":"Wei\u2010Hwa","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Pathology Taipei Medical University\u2010Shuang Ho Hospital  New Taipei City 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