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In our study, we investigated the combination of temsirolimus with anticancer vaccines. Using various designs of cancer vaccines (short and long peptides or the B subunit of Shiga toxin as an antigen delivery vector) and tumor models (melanoma, lung and colon cancer), we showed that the administration of temsirolimus efficiently decreased tumor growth and enhanced tumor\u2010specific CD8 T\u2010cell responses induced by vaccination. Furthermore, tumor\u2010specific CD8 T cells induced by the bi\u2010therapy (vaccine + temsirolimus) exhibit phenotypic characteristics of central memory (CD127<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD62L<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>) CD8 T cells compared to vaccination alone. We demonstrated that regulatory CD4 T cells (T<jats:sub>regs<\/jats:sub>) expansion <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> limits the efficacy of the bi\u2010therapy by altering the antitumor CD8 T\u2010cell responses. Finally, the use of a small molecule CCR4 antagonist to prevent T<jats:sub>regs<\/jats:sub> induction considerably improved the efficacy of the bi\u2010therapy by enhancing CD8 T cells\u2010mediated antitumor immunity. Taken together, our study highlights the potential interest of combining cancer vaccines with drugs that promote memory CD8 T cells and inhibit T<jats:sub>regs<\/jats:sub>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.31842","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,5]],"date-time":"2018-09-05T09:59:08Z","timestamp":1536141548000},"page":"3008-3018","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Rapalog combined with CCR4 antagonist improves anticancer vaccines efficacy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"143","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8526-3261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurent","family":"Beziaud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Bourgogne Franche\u2010Comt\u00e9, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions H\u00f4te\u2010Greffon\u2010Tumeur\/Ing\u00e9nierie Cellulaire et G\u00e9nique  Besan\u00e7on 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