{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T14:09:58Z","timestamp":1777558198267,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,12]],"date-time":"2018-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["JP16K09596"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP16K09596"]}]},{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["JP17H04278"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP17H04278"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl Journal of Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Although programmed death (PD)\u20101 immune checkpoint therapies target the immune system, the relationship between inflammatory factors and the clinical outcome of anti\u2010PD\u20101 therapy for nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is not fully understood. Here we examined the association between soluble immune mediators and the outcome of treatment with PD\u20101 inhibitors in patients with advanced\/recurrent NSCLC. In two independent cohorts, we assessed the levels of 88 different soluble immune mediators in peripheral blood before and after anti\u2010PD\u20101 treatment, and evaluated their associations with clinical outcomes. In the training cohort, the plasma levels of chitinase 3\u2010like\u20101 and GM\u2010CSF before treatment (<jats:italic>p =<\/jats:italic> 0.006 and <jats:italic>p =<\/jats:italic> 0.005, respectively) and changes in the plasma levels of CXCL2, VEGF, IFN\u03b12, and MMP2 after treatment (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001, <jats:italic>p =<\/jats:italic> 0.019, <jats:italic>p =<\/jats:italic> 0.019, and <jats:italic>p =<\/jats:italic> 0.012, respectively) were significantly correlated with PFS. The change in the plasma CXCL2 level was also significantly associated with treatment\u2010related AEs (<jats:italic>p =<\/jats:italic> 0.017). In the validation cohort, however, only the changes in the plasma levels of CXCL2 and MMP2 after treatment were associated with PFS (<jats:italic>p =<\/jats:italic> 0.003 and <jats:italic>p =<\/jats:italic> 0.006, respectively), and these changes were maintained during the course of anti\u2010PD\u20101 therapy in patients who showed better clinical outcomes, even in those with tumor pseudoprogression. Since CXCL2 and MMP2 can be easily measured by minimally invasive blood sampling, they could be useful for monitoring of clinical outcomes in NSCLC patients receiving PD\u20101 inhibitor therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.31923","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,11]],"date-time":"2018-10-11T12:05:58Z","timestamp":1539259558000},"page":"1170-1179","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Association between soluble immune mediators and tumor responses in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer treated with anti\u2010PD\u20101 inhibitor"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"144","author":[{"given":"Norikazu","family":"Matsuo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respirology, Neurology, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine Kurume University School of Medicine  Kurume, Fukuoka 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