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We investigated the hypothesis that past STI infection, particularly <jats:italic>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/jats:italic>, is associated with higher EOC risk in a nested case\u2010control study within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort including 791 cases and 1669 matched controls. Serum antibodies against <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Mycoplasma genitalium<\/jats:italic>, herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV\u20102) and human papillomavirus (HPV) 16, 18 and 45 were assessed using multiplex fluorescent bead\u2010based serology. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) comparing women with positive vs. negative serology. A total of 40% of the study population was seropositive to at least one STI. Positive serology to <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic> Pgp3 antibodies was not associated with EOC risk overall, but with higher risk of the mucinous histotype (RR = 2.30 [95% CI = 1.22\u20104.32]). Positive serology for chlamydia heat shock protein 60 (cHSP60\u20101) was associated with higher risk of EOC overall (1.36 [1.13\u20101.64]) and with the serous subtype (1.44 [1.12\u20101.85]). None of the other evaluated STIs were associated with EOC risk overall; however, HSV\u20102 was associated with higher risk of endometrioid EOC (2.35 [1.24\u20104.43]). The findings of our study suggest a potential role of <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic> in the carcinogenesis of serous and mucinous EOC, while HSV\u20102 might promote the development of endometrioid disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.32999","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,3]],"date-time":"2020-04-03T16:23:31Z","timestamp":1585931011000},"page":"2042-2052","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Serologic markers of <i>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/i> and other sexually transmitted infections and subsequent ovarian cancer risk: Results from the <scp>EPIC<\/scp> cohort"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"147","author":[{"given":"Annika","family":"Idahl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology Ume\u00e5 University  Ume\u00e5 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