{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T03:53:36Z","timestamp":1780372416659,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,25]],"date-time":"2020-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593043200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl Journal of Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cadmium and lead are persistent environmental toxins that are known or probable carcinogens, based on evidence for causality for nonhematologic cancers. Associations of these metals with risk of non\u2010Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and multiple myeloma (MM) are unknown but biologically plausible. To examine the associations of circulating levels of lead and cadmium exposure with risk of B\u2010cell NHL (B\u2010NHL) and multiple myeloma, we conducted a nested case\u2010control study among 299 incident B\u2010cell NHLs and 76\u2009MM cases within the Cancer Prevention Study\u2010II Nutrition Cohort (CPS\u2010II NC). Each case was incidence\u2010density matched to two eligible controls on age, race, sex and blood draw date. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for lymphoid malignancies overall and stratified by subtype. We observed a significant positive association between high erythrocyte lead concentration and risk of lymphoid malignancies overall (RR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.02\u20101.33 per 17.6 \u03bcg\/L (1 standard deviation [SD])) and follicular lymphoma in particular (RR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.15\u20102.80 per SD). In contrast, there was no association between erythrocyte cadmium and risk of B\u2010NHL (RR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.75\u20101.06 per 0.37\u2009\u03bcg\/L [1 SD]), or any B\u2010NHL subtypes; but a strong inverse association with MM risk (RR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.38\u20100.89, per SD). Results from our study suggest a positive association between erythrocyte lead level and risk of lymphoid malignancies and a possible inverse association between cadmium and myeloma. Additional research is needed to confirm and further explore these findings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.33136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,7]],"date-time":"2020-06-07T13:20:12Z","timestamp":1591536012000},"page":"3110-3118","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Erythrocyte levels of cadmium and lead and risk of <scp>B<\/scp>\u2010cell non\u2010Hodgkin lymphoma and multiple myeloma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"147","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4511-1452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily L.","family":"Deubler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group American Cancer Society  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan M.","family":"Gapstur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group American Cancer Society  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. Ryan","family":"Diver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group American Cancer Society  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6429-4007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mia M.","family":"Gaudet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group American Cancer Society  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James M.","family":"Hodge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group American Cancer Society  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria L.","family":"Stevens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group American Cancer Society  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marjorie L.","family":"McCullough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group American Cancer Society  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura G.","family":"Haines","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RTI International  Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith E.","family":"Levine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RTI International  Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2419-8536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren R.","family":"Teras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group American Cancer Society  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21551"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/17530059.2011.618185"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-004-0939-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-07-0031"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/978930"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.32202"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","volume-title":"Fourth National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2009.04.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6673-1-22"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Organic lead compounds","volume":"87","author":"Inorganic IARC","year":"2006","journal-title":"IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.9783"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","volume-title":"Arsenic, Metals, Fibres, and Dust","author":"IARC","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6355a5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/intox-2015-0009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","first-page":"xv\u2010148","article-title":"NTP monograph on health effects of low\u2010level lead","author":"National Toxicology Program","year":"2012","journal-title":"NTP Monogr"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0901234"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2009.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2009.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16173035"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","first-page":"3471","article-title":"Altered serum levels of elements in acute leukemia cases in Turkey","volume":"12","author":"Demir C","year":"2011","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0081892"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2011-100111"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.101970"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","volume-title":"WHO Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues","author":"Steven H","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djw204"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780080504"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2019.108625"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2017-104311"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Personal habits and indoor combustions. 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