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Using the French National Health Data System, we examined the HM risks in patients diagnosed with an incident breast cancer between 2007 and 2015, who received chemotherapy for BC. Main outcomes were acute myeloid leukemia (AML), Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), multiple myeloma (MM), Hodgkin lymphoma or non\u2010Hodgkin lymphoma (HL\/NHL) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia or lymphocytic lymphoma (ALL\/LL). Among a total of 122\u2009373\u2009BC survivors, 38.9% received chemotherapy only and 61.1% received chemotherapy + G\u2010CSF. Overall, 781 cases of hematologic malignancies occurred. We observed a nonsignificant increase in the risk of AML (aHR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.0\u20101.7), of MDS (aHR, 1.3; 95% CI, 0.9\u20101.8) and of ALL\/LL (aHR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.0\u20104.4) among patients treated by chemotherapy + G\u2010CSF compared to chemotherapy only. In analyses by dose, we observed a slight increase in the risk of AML (1\u20103 doses: aHR, 1.2; 95% CI, 0.8\u20101.7\/4+ doses: aHR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.0\u20101.8) and of MDS (1\u20103 doses: aHR, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.7\u20101.7\/4+ doses: aHR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.0\u20101.9), a significant increase in risk of ALL (1\u20103 doses: aHR, 1.5; 95% CI, 0.5\u20103.9 \/ 4+ doses: aHR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.0\u20105.1) with increasing cycles of G\u2010CSF. Our population\u2010based study showed that the ALL\/LL was the only HM at increased risk with the use of growth factors with a possible dose\u2010effect relationship. Our data regarding the risk of all the other HM are reassuring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.33216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,19]],"date-time":"2020-07-19T15:31:45Z","timestamp":1595172705000},"page":"375-384","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Risk of secondary hematologic malignancies associated with breast cancer chemotherapy and <scp>G\u2010CSF<\/scp> support: A nationwide population\u2010based cohort"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"148","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7946-7759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie Joelle","family":"Jabagi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"EPI\u2010PHARE (French National Agency for Medicines and Health Products Safety (ANSM) and French National Health Insurance (CNAM))  Saint\u2010Denis 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