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We reported previously in a single\u2010center retrospective analysis that zinc\u2010L\u2010carnosine (polaprezinc [PZ]) reduced the incidence of oral mucositis associated with HSCT. To verify the accuracy of the prophylactic effect of PZ against oral mucositis, we carried out a multi\u2010institutional prospective randomized controlled study. Patients were randomly allocated to either the prevention group, in which PZ lozenge treatment was started before chemotherapy, or the control group, in which administration of PZ lozenges was initiated immediately after the onset of Grade 2 oral mucositis. Oral mucositis was evaluated daily from the start of chemotherapy to 35\u2009days after transplantation. A total of 91 patients were enrolled, and 88 patients (47 in the control group and 41 in the prevention group) were eligible for data analysis. The incidence of Grade \u22652 but not Grade \u22653 oral mucositis was significantly reduced in the prevention group compared to the control group (44.7% in control group vs 22.0% in the prevention group, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> =\u2009.025). There were no significant differences in the incidence rates of other adverse events or the rate of engraftment (95.6% vs 97.2%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> =\u2009.693) between the two groups. These findings suggest that PZ lozenge is effective for prophylaxis against Grade \u22652 oral mucositis associated with chemotherapy in patients undergoing HSCT without any influence on the HSCT outcome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.33316","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]],"date-time":"2020-09-28T06:46:56Z","timestamp":1601275616000},"page":"1462-1469","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Polaprezinc for prevention of oral mucositis in patients receiving chemotherapy followed by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A multi\u2010institutional randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"148","author":[{"given":"Junichi","family":"Kitagawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Internal Medicine Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine  Gifu 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