{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:45:28Z","timestamp":1786977928756,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,11]],"date-time":"2021-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000048","name":"American Cancer Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000048","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005567","name":"H. 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Previous epidemiologic studies have suggested an association between glioma and increased prevalence of\n                    <jats:italic>T gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection, but prospective studies are lacking. Therefore, we examined the association between prediagnostic\n                    <jats:italic>T gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    antibodies and risk of glioma in two prospective cohorts using a nested case\u2010control study design. Cases and matched controls were selected from the American Cancer Society's Cancer Prevention Study\u2010II Nutrition Cohort (CPSII\u2010NC) (n = 37 cases and 74 controls) and the Norwegian Cancer Registry's Janus Serum Bank (Janus) (n = 323 cases and 323 controls). Blood samples collected prior to diagnosis were analyzed for antibodies to two\n                    <jats:italic>T gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    surface antigens (p22 and sag\u20101), with individuals considered seropositive if antibodies to either antigen were detected. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for each cohort. In both cohorts, a suggestive increase in glioma risk was observed among those infected with\n                    <jats:italic>T gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    (OR: 2.70; 95% CI: 0.96\u20107.62 for CPSII\u2010NC; OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 0.85\u20102.07 for Janus), particularly among participants with high antibody titers specific to the sag\u20101 antigen (CPSII\u2010NC OR: 3.35, 95% CI: 0.99\u201011.38; Janus OR: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.02\u20103.14). Our findings provide the first prospective evidence of an association between\n                    <jats:italic>T gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection and risk of glioma. Further studies with larger case numbers are needed to confirm a potential etiologic role for\n                    <jats:italic>T gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    in glioma.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.33443","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,14]],"date-time":"2021-01-14T23:57:32Z","timestamp":1610668652000},"page":"2449-2456","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["<scp>\n                      <i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    infection and the risk of adult glioma in two prospective studies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"148","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6253-7394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James M.","family":"Hodge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Science American Cancer Society  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7142-7499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna E.","family":"Coghill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Epidemiology H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center &amp; Research Institute  Tampa Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youngchul","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center &amp; Research Institute  Tampa Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noemi","family":"Bender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infections and Cancer Epidemiology German Cancer Research Center (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ)  Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie A.","family":"Smith\u2010Warner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Epidemiology Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Gapstur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Science American Cancer Society  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2419-8536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren R.","family":"Teras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Science American Cancer Society  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom K.","family":"Grimsrud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research Cancer Registry of Norway  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Waterboer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infections and Cancer Epidemiology German Cancer Research Center (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ)  Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8772-6979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathleen M.","family":"Egan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Epidemiology H. 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