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Based on population\u2010based cancer registries (CRs), we have investigated changes in aggressive melanoma, selecting only cases who died within 1 or 3\u2009years after diagnosis in 11 European countries between 1995 and 2012. Trends in fatal cases were analysed by period of diagnosis, sex, tumour thickness, histologic subtype of the lesion, tumour site and CR with a multivariate generalised linear mixed effects model, where geographical area was considered as a random effect. We collected data on 123\u2009360 invasive melanomas, with 5133 fatal cases at 1 year (4%) and 12\u2009330 (10%) at 3\u2009years. The number of fatal cases showed a 16% decrease at 1\u2009year and 8% at 3\u2009years between the first (1995\u20102000) and the last (2007\u20102012) period. The highest proportion of fatal cases was seen for men, older age (\u226565\u2009years), thick lesions (&gt;1\u2009mm), nodular melanoma, melanoma on the trunk and for poorly documented cases, lacking information about thickness and histologic subtype. The mixed\u2010effects model showed a remarkable variability among European countries. The majority of registries showed a decreasing trend in fatal cases, but a few registries showed an opposite pattern. Trends in fatal melanoma cases, highlighting real changes in risk not related to overdiagnosis, showed a decrease in most European countries, with a few exceptions. Stronger efforts for early detection could lead to a more efficient treatment of melanoma in general.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.33479","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,26]],"date-time":"2021-01-26T18:46:22Z","timestamp":1611686782000},"page":"2898-2905","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Skin melanoma deaths within 1 or 3\u2009years from diagnosis in Europe"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"148","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6590-325X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lidia","family":"Sacchetto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Piedmont Cancer Registry  Turin Italy"},{"name":"Department of Mathematical Sciences Politecnico di Torino  Turin Italy"},{"name":"Department of Mathematics Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Torino  Turin 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