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We conducted a randomized study to compare vaginal self\u2010sampling with cervical sampling by medical professionals for HPV testing concerning prevalence of HPV and detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) of grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) or grade 3 or worse (CIN3+) in primary screening. In total, 11\u2009951 women aged 30\u201060\u2009years were randomized into two groups, 5961 for self\u2010sampling (SS arm) and 5990 for sampling by medical professionals (SMP arm). Sampling was performed with a RoversViba\u2010brush in the SS arm and a cytobrush in the SMP arm. All samples were applied to an indicating FTA elute card and analyzed for HPV using a clinically validated real\u2010time PCR test (hpVIR). All HPV\u2010positive women performed repeated sampling about 6 months later using the same procedure as used initially. All HPV\u2010positive women in the second sampling were referred to colposcopy. The prevalence of HPV in the first test did not differ between the SS arm (6.8%, 167\/2466) and the SMP arm (7.8%, 118\/1519) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> =\u2009.255). The prevalence of CIN2+ per 1000 screened women was 17 (43\/2466\u2009\u00d7\u20091000) (95%CI 13\u201024) in the SS arm and 21 (32\/1519\u2009\u00d7\u20091000) (95%CI 15\u201030) in the SMP arm. For CIN3+, the prevalence per 1000 screened women was 14 (35\/2466\u2009\u00d7\u20091000) (95%CI 10\u201020) in the SS arm and 15 (23\/1519\u2009\u00d7\u20091000) (95%CI 10\u201023) in the SMP arm. In conclusion, self\u2010sampling and sampling by medical professionals showed the same prevalence of HPV and detection rate of CIN2+ and CIN3+ in histology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.33482","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,26]],"date-time":"2021-01-26T18:46:36Z","timestamp":1611686796000},"page":"3051-3059","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Comparison of vaginal self\u2010sampling and cervical sampling by medical professionals for the detection of <scp>HPV<\/scp> and <scp>CIN2<\/scp>+: A randomized study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"148","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6752-531X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riina","family":"Aarnio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women's and Children's Health Uppsala University  Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabella","family":"Isacson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women's and Children's Health Uppsala University  Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Sanner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women's and Children's Health Uppsala University  Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inger","family":"Gustavsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology Biomedical Center, SciLifeLab Uppsala, Uppsala University  Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6316-3355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ulf","family":"Gyllensten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology Biomedical Center, SciLifeLab Uppsala, Uppsala University  Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matts","family":"Olovsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women's and Children's Health Uppsala University  Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2014.362"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","first-page":"E9","article-title":"Cervical cancer has increased in Sweden in women who had a normal cell sample","volume":"115","author":"Dillner J","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lakartidningen"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djn099"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16674-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","unstructured":"Swedish National Cervical Screening Registry;2018.www.nkcx.se. 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