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We investigated associations of body composition with risk of overall cancer and major site\u2010specific cancers in a prospective cohort of 454\u2009079 cancer\u2010free participants from UK\u2010Biobank. Body composition was measured with bioimpedance analysis. We evaluated hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) with multivariate Cox linear and nonlinear models in men and women separately. We identified 27\u2009794 cancers over 7.6\u2009years of follow\u2010up. Multivariable adjusted models including fat\u2010free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) showed that FFM was positively associated with overall cancer risk in men and women (HR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01\u20101.04 and 1.07, 1.04\u20101.10, respectively); while the association between FM and overall cancer disappeared after adjusting for FFM. FFM was associated with higher risks of obesity\u2010related cancers combined, stomach (women only), malignant melanoma, postmenopausal breast, corpus uteri, prostate, kidney (men only), and blood cancers and lower risk of lung cancer. FM was associated with higher risks of obesity\u2010related cancers combined, esophageal, colon, lung (men only), postmenopausal breast (at the lower end of FM range), and corpus uteri cancers and lower risks of rectal, malignant melanoma (women only), prostate and blood cancers. FFM and FM seemed to have different effects on cancer risk, and the effects varied substantially by cancer type, in both direction and size. Higher FM\/FFM ratio was also associated with some cancers risk, and might be a useful predictor of cancer risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.33697","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]],"date-time":"2021-05-21T16:19:51Z","timestamp":1621613991000},"page":"1435-1447","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Association of body composition with risk of overall and site\u2010specific cancers: A population\u2010based prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"149","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6081-2447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiangsheng","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Center, Scientific Research Center The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Shenzhen Guangdong China"},{"name":"Big Data Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Shenzhen 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