{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T16:54:41Z","timestamp":1792083281829,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]],"date-time":"2022-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645056000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005972","name":"Deutsche Krebshilfe","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005972","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl Journal of Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There is no generally accepted screening strategy for prostate cancer (PCa). From February 2014 to December 2019 a randomized trial (PROBASE) recruited 46\u2009642 men at age 45 to determine the efficacy of risk\u2010adapted prostate\u2010specific antigen\u2010based (PSA) screening, starting at either 45 or 50\u2009years. PSA tests are used to classify participants into a low (&lt;1.5\u00a0ng\/mL), intermediate (1.5\u20102.99\u2009ng\/mL) or high (\u22653\u00a0ng\/mL) risk group. In cases of confirmed PSA values \u22653\u00a0ng\/mL participants are recommended a prostate biopsy with multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI). Half of the participants (N\u00a0=\u00a023\u2009341) were offered PSA screening immediately at age 45; the other half (N\u00a0=\u00a023\u2009301) were offered digital rectal examination (DRE) with delayed PSA screening at age 50. Of 23\u2009301 participants who accepted baseline PSA testing in the immediate screening arm, 89.2% fell into the low, 9.3% into intermediate, and 1.5% (N\u00a0=\u00a0344) into the high risk group. Repeat PSA measurement confirmed high\u2010risk status for 186 men (0.8%), of whom 120 (64.5%) underwent a biopsy. A total of 48 PCas was detected (overall prevalence 0.2%), of which 15 had International Society of Uropathology (ISUP) grade 1, 29 had ISUP 2 and only 4 had ISUP \u22653 cancers. In the delayed screening arm, 23\u2009194 participants were enrolled and 6537 underwent a DRE with 57 suspicious findings, two of which showed PCa (both ISUP 1; detection rate 0.03%). In conclusion, the prevalence of screen\u2010detected aggressive (ISUP \u22653) PCa in 45\u2010year\u2010old men is very low. DRE did not turn out effective for early detection of PCa.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.33940","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]],"date-time":"2022-01-25T12:05:26Z","timestamp":1643112326000},"page":"1861-1869","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":93,"title":["A randomized trial of risk\u2010adapted screening for prostate cancer in young men\u2014Results of the first screening round of the\n                    <scp>PROBASE<\/scp>\n                    trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"150","author":[{"given":"Christian","family":"Arsov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology University Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich\u2010Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf  D\u00fcsseldorf 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