{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T12:32:37Z","timestamp":1790857957156,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]],"date-time":"2022-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655856000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005090","name":"Beijing Nova Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Z201100006820069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z201100006820069"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005090","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl Journal of Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>A male predominance was observed in esophageal and gastric cancers, though present limited data has revealed variations by age. We aim to investigate the global age\u2010specific sex differences in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), gastric cardia cancer (GCC) and gastric noncardia cancer (GNCC). Data on esophageal and gastric cancers incidence by diagnosis year, sex, histology, subsite and age group were extracted from 171 registries in 54 countries included in the last two volumes (X and XI, 2003\u20102012) of <jats:italic>Cancer Incidence in Five Continents<\/jats:italic>, which contributing to over 80% of the global burdens of these cancers. Age\u2010standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) and male\u2010to\u2010female ASIRs ratios were estimated for esophageal and gastric cancers, by histological subtype and subsite, globally and by country. We consistently observed a male predominance in esophageal and gastric cancers across the world from 2003 to 2012, with male\u2010to\u2010female ASIRs ratios of 6.7:1 for EAC, 3.3:1 for ESCC, 4.0:1 for GCC and 2.1:1 for GNCC. The sex differences were consistent across time periods but varied significantly by age across the life span. Across the four cancer types, the male\u2010to\u2010female incidence rate ratios increased from young ages, approaching a peak at ages 60\u201064, but sharply declined thereafter. Similar \u201clow\u2010high\u2010low\u201d trends of age\u2010specific sex ratio were observed in other digestive cancers including liver, pancreas, colon and rectum with peak ages ranging from 50 to 65. Age\u2010dependent risk factors warrant further investigation to aid our understanding of the underlying etiologies of esophageal and gastric cancers by histological subtype and subsite.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.34158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,9]],"date-time":"2022-06-09T10:59:25Z","timestamp":1654772365000},"page":"1447-1461","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Global and national trends in the age\u2010specific sex ratio of esophageal cancer and gastric cancer by subtype"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"151","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0420-2833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaoming","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Central Cancer Registry Office, National Cancer Center\/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical 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