{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T14:28:58Z","timestamp":1774621738862,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,25]],"date-time":"2022-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007316","name":"Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSN261201700047C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN261201700047C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007316","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl Journal of Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We aimed to explore the association of combined risk factors with risk of death from upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancer, including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), gastric cardia carcinoma (GCC) and gastric noncardia carcinoma (GNCC) in the Linxian Nutrition Intervention Trial (NIT) cohort. The NIT cohort included 29\u2009584 healthy adults. A combined risk score (CRS) was calculated using a point system method based on 10 risk factors collected at baseline, including gender, smoking, alcohol drinking, body mass index, family history of UGI cancer, drinking tap water, tooth loss and consumption of fresh fruit, eggs and meat. Possible score ranged from 0 to 31, and higher score indicated as poorer health status. Subjects were divided into three groups by the CRS (&lt;12 points, 12 to 20 points and &gt;20 points). The group of CRS &lt;12 points was considered as the reference. During the 30\u2010year follow\u2010up, we identified 4553 UGI cancer deaths. Compared to subjects with a CRS &lt;12 points, the adjusted HRs for CRS of 12 to 20 points and &gt;20 points were 1.69 (95% CI: 1.56\u20101.83) and 3.06 (95% CI: 2.82\u20103.33) for UGI cancer mortality, respectively (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>trend<\/jats:sub>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). Comparable associations were also observed for ESCC, GCC and GNCC mortality. Results remained similar across different age groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>interaction<\/jats:sub>\u2009&gt;\u2009.05). All HRs observed in the second half follow\u2010up period were stronger than that observed in the first half follow\u2010up period. Our study indicated that higher CRS was associated with increased risk of UGI cancer mortality. Appropriate measures should be taken to reduce unhealthy lifestyles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.34160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,11]],"date-time":"2022-06-11T07:37:32Z","timestamp":1654933052000},"page":"1462-1473","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Combined risk factors and risk of upper gastrointestinal cancer mortality in the Linxian general population"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"151","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0031-3587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huan","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center\/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao\u2010Kun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center\/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian\u2010Bing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The Children's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health Zhejiang University School of Medicine  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9294-0005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fang\u2010Hui","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center\/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin\u2010Hu","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center\/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6380-0871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"You\u2010Lin","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center\/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip R.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute  Rockville Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian C.","family":"Abnet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute  Rockville Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jncc.2020.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20892\/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0387"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)33326-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21147\/j.issn.1000-9604.2020.06.03"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0050012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.a1440"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.6628"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v25.i31.4512"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20892\/j.issn.2095-3941.2016.0093"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","first-page":"591","article-title":"Risk factors for gastric cancer: a systematic review","volume":"19","author":"Yusefi AR","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2020.11126"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","first-page":"1727","article-title":"Understanding esophageal cancer: the challenges and opportunities for the next decade. Front","volume":"10","author":"Yang J","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oncologia"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.23044"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.20616"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2016.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2012.02387.x"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","first-page":"1631","article-title":"Population\u2010based case\u2010control study on risk factors for esophageal cancer in five high\u2010risk areas in China","volume":"11","author":"Sun X","year":"2010","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.13034"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.02.007"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","first-page":"82","article-title":"Epidemiology of gastric cancer and risk factors","volume":"89","author":"Cavatorta O","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Biomed"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-020-01250-x"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","first-page":"2029s","article-title":"Prevention of esophageal cancer: the nutrition intervention trials in Linxian, China. Linxian Nutrition Intervention Trials Study Group","volume":"54","author":"Taylor PR","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djy043"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.605106"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.13037"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0255322"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1742"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21147\/j.issn.1000-9604.2021.05.01"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13266-3"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","first-page":"171","article-title":"The study of age,gender and family history on 42,082 cases of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma at 36\u2009years (1975\u20102011) in high\/low\u2010incidence areas for esophageal cancer","volume":"31","author":"Wang J","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Henan Univ (Med Sci)"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3726"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","volume-title":"Volumes 1 to 105*. List of Classifications by Cancer Sites with Sufficient or Limited Evidence in Humans","author":"International Agency for Research on Cancer","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.19177"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.4226"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21147\/j.issn.1000-9604.2020.05.05"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.12.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyu082"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.20918"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2020.101683"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0132613"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d1584"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01635580701883011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph8093637"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.13482"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i27.6257"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0116060"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","first-page":"808","article-title":"Fresh fruit consumption may decrease the long\u2010term risk of acquiring esophageal cancer. Chin","volume":"43","author":"Yang H","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","first-page":"148","article-title":"Dietary survey among the residents in Linzhou,a high risk area for esophageal cancer","volume":"18","author":"Zou X","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pract Oncol"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl.2013.7.3.317"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ijc.34160","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ijc.34160","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ijc.34160","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,18]],"date-time":"2023-08-18T00:03:49Z","timestamp":1692317029000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ijc.34160"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,25]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ijc.34160"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijc.34160","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-7136","1097-0215"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-7136","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0215","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-03-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-05-30","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-06-25","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}