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These changes have profoundly influenced local cancer patterns. The Johannesburg Cancer Study has, over a period of 22\u2009years (1995\u20102016), recruited over 20\u2009000 incident black cancer patients who consented to provide answers to a questionnaire and blood samples (serum, DNA). This has presented a unique opportunity to examine the evolving association of HIV with cancer in Africa. We used logistic regression models to explore case\u2010control associations between specific cancers and HIV, using participants with non\u2010infection related cancers as controls. Using data of 20\u2009835 cancer patients with confirmed HIV status, we found the following cancers to be associated with HIV: Kaposi's sarcoma (OR<jats:sub>adj<\/jats:sub>; 95%CI): (99.1;72.6\u2010135.1), non\u2010Hodgkin lymphoma (11.3;9.3\u201013.6), cervical cancer (2.7;2.4\u20103.0), Hodgkin lymphoma (3.1;2.4\u20104.2), cancer of the eye\/conjunctiva (18.7;10.1\u201034.7), anogenital cancers (anus [2.1;1.4\u20103.2], penis [5.4;2.7\u201010.5], vulva [4.8;3.5\u20106.4], vagina [5.5;3.0\u201010.2]), oropharyngeal cancer (1.6;1.3\u20101.9), squamous cell carcinoma of the skin (3.5;2.4\u20104.9), melanoma (2.0;1.2\u20103.5) and cancer of the larynx (1.7;1.3\u20102.4). Kaposi's sarcoma odds ratios increased from the pre\u2010ART (1995\u20102004) to the early ART (2005\u20102009) period but declined in the late ART (2010\u20102016) period. Odds ratios for cancers of the eye\/conjunctiva, cervix, penis and vulva continued to increase in recent ART periods. Our study confirms the spectrum of HIV\u2010associated cancers found in other African settings. The odds ratios of conjunctival and HPV\u2010related cancers continue to rise in the ART era as the HIV positive population ages.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.34236","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]],"date-time":"2022-08-04T14:58:33Z","timestamp":1659625113000},"page":"183-194","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Thirteen cancers associated with <scp>HIV<\/scp> infection in a Black South African cancer patient population (1995\u20102016)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"152","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1955-923X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mazvita","family":"Sengayi\u2010Muchengeti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cancer Registry National Health Laboratory Service  Johannesburg South Africa"},{"name":"School of Public Health University of the Witwatersrand  Johannesburg South Africa"},{"name":"South African DSI\u2010NRF Centre of Excellence in Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis (SACEMA) Stellenbosch University  Stellenbosch South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1259-2122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elvira","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cancer Registry National Health Laboratory Service  Johannesburg South Africa"},{"name":"School of Public Health University of the Witwatersrand  Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3248-4906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenlong Carl","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cancer Registry National Health Laboratory Service  Johannesburg South Africa"},{"name":"Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand  Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debbie","family":"Bradshaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Burden of Disease Research Unit South African Medical Research Council  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chantal Babb","family":"de Villiers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service and School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand  Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Newton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC\/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit  Entebbe Uganda"},{"name":"University of York  York UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Waterboer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infections and Cancer Epidemiology Division German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)  Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher G","family":"Mathew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand  Johannesburg South Africa"},{"name":"Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service and School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand  Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9679-1481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Freddy","family":"Sitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Burden of Disease Research Unit South African Medical Research Council  Cape Town South Africa"},{"name":"Center for Primary Health Care and Equity, School of Population Health University of New South Wales Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Menzies Center of Health Policy, School of Public Health University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","unstructured":"ShisanaO RehleT SimbayiL ZumaK JoosteS ZunguN LabadariosD OnoyaD 2014.South African national HIV prevalence incidence and behaviour survey 2012 [Internet]. 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