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In this retrospective study, we aimed to demonstrate the resulting increase in melanoma\u2010specific survival (MSS) and OS after the excision of primary melanomas (\u22651\u2009mm thick) and sentinel lymph node (SN) biopsy (SNB). Using Kaplan\u2010Meier estimates and Cox models, we compared two consecutive cohorts. Patients in cohort 1 (N\u00a0=\u00a0518) underwent SNB between 1998 and 2009, and patients in cohort 2 (N\u00a0=\u00a0460) between 2010 and 2017, when checkpoint blockade and BRAF\/(MEK) inhibition became available for the treatment of unresectable relapses. The median follow\u2010up times were 120 and 73\u2009months, respectively. While recurrence\u2010free and distant metastasis\u2010free survival rates remained very similar, MSS and OS increased in favor of cohort 2. The estimated 5\u2010year OS rate of SN\u2010positive patients increased by 14.3% (78.5% vs 64.2%, logrank test: <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.005). The MSS benefit was significant even with low SN tumor burden (metastasis diameter\u2009&lt;\u20091\u2009mm). On multivariate analyses, the risk\u2010reduction in favor of cohort 2 was significant in the total population and in the SN\u2010negative and SN\u2010positive subgroups. In SN\u2010positive patients, besides the availability of modern therapies, SN metastasis diameter and ulceration were independent factors of MSS and OS. Treatment of unresectable melanoma recurrences with modern drug therapies results in significantly higher survival rates in a population with SNB. The survival benefit measured from primary melanoma affects both the SN\u2010positive and SN\u2010negative subpopulations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.34475","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]],"date-time":"2023-02-15T11:05:40Z","timestamp":1676459140000},"page":"380-388","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Checkpoint blockade and <scp>BRAF<\/scp>\/<scp>MEK<\/scp> therapy in the therapeutic setting improved the overall survival after sentinel node biopsy: A retrospective study comparing patients with primary care between 1998\u20102009 and 2010\u20102017"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"153","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3260-5410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lutz","family":"Kretschmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology University Medical Center  G\u00f6ttingen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leonie","family":"Bernhard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology University Medical Center  G\u00f6ttingen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Leha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Statistics University Medical Center  G\u00f6ttingen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Kromer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology University Medical Center  G\u00f6ttingen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Julius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology University Medical Center  G\u00f6ttingen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael P.","family":"Sch\u00f6n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology University Medical Center  G\u00f6ttingen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Viktor","family":"Schnabel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology University Medical Center  G\u00f6ttingen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-22539-5_8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1003466"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1412082"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdz011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1904059"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1408868"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(18)30142-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","first-page":"1297","article-title":"Is there an overtreatment of melanoma patients at the end of their life? 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