{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T07:19:29Z","timestamp":1780471169715,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,29]],"date-time":"2023-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685318400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R35GM142879"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R35GM142879"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30AR072577"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30AR072577"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["pericles.pericles-gcp.literatumonline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl Journal of Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) affects 24.5 million people worldwide and has been associated with increased cancer risks. However, the extent to which the observed risks are related to the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis or its treatments is unknown. Leveraging nationwide health insurance claims data with 85.97 million enrollees across 8\u2009years, we identified 92\u2009864 patients without cancers at the time of rheumatoid arthritis diagnoses. We matched 68\u2009415 of these patients with participants without rheumatoid arthritis by sex, race, age and inferred health and economic status and compared their risks of developing all cancer types. By 12\u2009months after the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis patients were 1.21 (95% confidence interval [CI] [1.14, 1.29]) times more likely to develop any cancer compared with matched enrollees without rheumatoid arthritis. In particular, the risk of developing lymphoma is 2.08 (95% CI [1.67, 2.58]) times higher in the rheumatoid arthritis group, and the risk of developing lung cancer is 1.69 (95% CI [1.32, 2.13]) times higher. We further identified the five most commonly used drugs in treating rheumatoid arthritis, and the log\u2010rank test showed none of them is implicated with a significantly increased cancer risk compared with rheumatoid arthritis patients without that specific drug. Our study suggested that the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis, rather than its treatments, is implicated in the development of subsequent cancers. Our method is extensible to investigating the connections among drugs, diseases and comorbidities at scale.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.34606","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,29]],"date-time":"2023-05-29T13:10:34Z","timestamp":1685365834000},"page":"1139-1150","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Large\u2010scale real\u2010world data analyses of cancer risks among patients with rheumatoid arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"153","author":[{"given":"Feicheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics Harvard University  Cambridge Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan","family":"Palmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Informatics Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathe","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Informatics Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine P.","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9892-8218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kun\u2010Hsing","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Informatics Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology Brigham and Women's Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel C.","family":"Kou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics Harvard University  Cambridge Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31678-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40273\u2010014\u20100174\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2017-211623"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21675"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gene.6364337"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-209389"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hon.2525"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","first-page":"1119","article-title":"Multiple associations between a broad spectrum of autoimmune diseases, chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer","volume":"32","author":"Franks AL","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","article-title":"Prevalence of cancer in rheumatoid arthritis: epidemiological study based on the National Health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES)","volume":"12","author":"Bhandari B","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci31405"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2017.4332"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2013.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15692"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20311"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.19.2275"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-210708"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41927-018-0050-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204851"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.030528"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-019-1992-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000796"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","volume-title":"International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems: Alphabetical Index","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/09-STS313"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/neurintsurg-2014-011156"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btq126"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21736"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3260"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-020-02310-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000006546"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14146"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.1597"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41698-021-00223-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2016.04.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517\u20106161.1995.tb02031.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27425"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2404"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-015-0728-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0959-8049(96)00210-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.165.20.2337"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-216756"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10679"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.033241"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.033993"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keab570"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22864"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M19-3369"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ijc.34606","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]],"date-time":"2023-09-05T20:24:03Z","timestamp":1693945443000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ijc.34606"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,29]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ijc.34606"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijc.34606","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-7136","1097-0215"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-7136","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0215","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-01-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-04-27","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-05-29","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}