{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T07:09:07Z","timestamp":1791356947154,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]],"date-time":"2023-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["179901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["179901"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100022991","name":"HIV\/AIDS and STBBI Research Initiative","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202110HIV\u2010477526\u201093701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202110HIV\u2010477526\u201093701"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100022991","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl Journal of Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Income, a component of socioeconomic status, influences cancer risk as a social determinant of health. We evaluated the independent associations between individual\u2010 and area\u2010level income and site\u2010specific cancer incidence in Canada. We used data from the 2006 and 2011 Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohorts, which are probabilistically linked datasets constituted by 5.9 million and 6.5 million respondents of the 2006 Canadian long\u2010form census and 2011 National Household Survey, respectively. Individuals were linked to the Canadian Cancer Registry through 2015. Individual\u2010level income was derived using after\u2010tax household income adjusted for household size. Annual tax return postal codes were used to assign area\u2010level income quintiles to individuals for each year of follow\u2010up. We calculated age\u2010standardized incidence rates (ASIR) and rate ratios for cancers overall and by site. We conducted multivariable negative binomial regression to adjust these rates for other demographic and socioeconomic variables. Individuals of lower individual\u2010 and area\u2010level income had higher ASIRs compared to those in the wealthiest income quintile for head and neck, oropharyngeal, esophageal, stomach, colorectal, anal, liver, pancreas, lung, cervical and kidney and renal pelvis cancers. Conversely, individuals of wealthier individual\u2010 and area\u2010level income had higher ASIRs for melanoma, leukemia, Hodgkin's lymphoma, non\u2010Hodgkin's lymphoma, breast, uterine, prostate and testicular cancers. Most differences in site\u2010specific incidence by income quintile remained after adjustment. Although Canada's publicly funded healthcare system provides universal coverage, inequalities in cancer incidence persist across individual\u2010 and area\u2010level income gradients. Our estimates suggest that individual\u2010 and area\u2010level income affect cancer incidence through independent mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.34661","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]],"date-time":"2023-07-26T08:04:56Z","timestamp":1690358696000},"page":"1766-1783","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Differences in site\u2010specific cancer incidence by individual\u2010 and area\u2010level income in Canada from 2006 to 2015"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"153","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7903-1413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Parker","family":"Tope","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5808-0179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samantha","family":"Morais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5190-0370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariam","family":"El\u2010Zein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4409-8084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo L.","family":"Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9505-3564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tal\u00eda","family":"Malag\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"St. Mary's Research Centre Montr\u00e9al West Island CIUSSS  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","volume-title":"Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention","author":"Kroenke 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