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Elevated cancer risks in people living with HIV (PLWH) are driven primarily by increased exposure to carcinogens, most notably oncogenic viruses acquired through shared transmission routes, plus acceleration of viral carcinogenesis by HIV\u2010related immunosuppression. In the era of widespread antiretroviral therapy (ART), life expectancy of PLWH has increased, with cancer now a leading cause of co\u2010morbidity and death. Furthermore, the types of cancers occurring among PLWH are shifting over time and vary in their relative burden in different parts of the world. In this context, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and the US National Cancer Institute (NCI) convened a meeting in September 2022 of multinational and multidisciplinary experts to focus on cancer in PLWH. This report summarizes the proceedings, including a review of the state of the science of cancer descriptive epidemiology, etiology, molecular tumor characterization, primary and secondary prevention, treatment disparities and survival in PLWH around the world. A consensus of key research priorities and recommendations in these domains is also presented.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.34727","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,16]],"date-time":"2023-09-16T01:16:48Z","timestamp":1694827008000},"page":"596-606","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["State of the science and future directions for research on\n                    <scp>HIV<\/scp>\n                    and cancer: Summary of a joint workshop sponsored by\n                    <scp>IARC<\/scp>\n                    and\n                    <scp>NCI<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"154","author":[{"given":"Eric A.","family":"Engels","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health  Rockville Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8390-6091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meredith S.","family":"Shiels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health  Rockville Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruanne V.","family":"Barnabas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Bohlius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Basel  Basel Switzerland"},{"name":"Department for Epidemiology and Public Health Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute  Allschwil Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Brennan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomic Epidemiology Branch International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC\/WHO)  Lyon France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Castilho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Chanock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health  Rockville Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0435-7376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megan A.","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health  Rockville Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7142-7499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna E.","family":"Coghill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Center for Immunization and Infection Research in Cancer H. 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