{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T10:11:28Z","timestamp":1793787088790,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706659200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl Journal of Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The International Anal Neoplasia Society (IANS) developed consensus guidelines to inform anal cancer screening use among various high\u2010risk groups. Anal cancer incidence estimates by age among risk groups provided the basis to identify risk thresholds to recommend screening. Guided by risk thresholds, screening initiation at age 35\u2009years was recommended for men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TW) with HIV. For other people with HIV and MSM and TW not with HIV, screening initiation at age 45\u2009years was recommended. For solid organ transplant recipients, screening initiation beginning from 10\u2009years post\u2010transplant was recommended. For persons with a history of vulvar precancer or cancer, screening initiation was recommended starting within 1\u2009year of diagnosis of vulvar precancer or cancer. Persons aged \u226545\u2009years with a history of cervical\/vaginal HSIL or cancer, perianal warts, persistent (&gt;1\u2009year) cervical HPV16, or autoimmune conditions could be considered for screening with shared decision\u2010making, provided there is adequate capacity to perform diagnostic procedures (high\u2010resolution anoscopy [HRA]). Anal cytology, high\u2010risk (hr) human papillomavirus (HPV) testing (including genotyping for HPV16), and hrHPV\u2010cytology co\u2010testing are different strategies currently used for anal cancer screening that show acceptable performance. Thresholds for referral for HRA or follow\u2010up screening tests are delineated. These recommendations from IANS provide the basis to inform management of abnormal screening results, considering currently available screening tools. These guidelines provide a pivotal foundation to help generate consensus among providers and inform the introduction and implementation of risk\u2010targeted screening for anal cancer prevention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.34850","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T23:38:58Z","timestamp":1706744338000},"page":"1694-1702","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":317,"title":["International Anal Neoplasia Society's consensus guidelines for anal cancer screening"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"154","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3526-0032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Stier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Boston University Chobanian &amp; Avedisian School of Medicine  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0435-7376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megan A.","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology &amp; Genetics National Cancer Institute  Rockville Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8936-8108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashish A.","family":"Deshmukh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences Medical University of South Carolina  Charleston South Carolina USA"},{"name":"Hollings Cancer Center Medical University of South Carolina  Charleston South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1251-0836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Wentzensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology &amp; Genetics National Cancer Institute  Rockville Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5712-0519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuxin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6113-3769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I. 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