{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T02:40:43Z","timestamp":1769740843654,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]],"date-time":"2024-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl Journal of Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Epithelioid glioblastoma (eGBM) is a rare subtype of GBM. Given the update of the definition of GBM, the understanding of the molecular characteristics and prognosis of \u201ctrue\u201d adult eGBM remains limited. Herein, we retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathological data of 39 adult eGBM cases. Adult eGBM primarily affected females, with a male\u2010to\u2010female ratio of 1:2.3. The average age of diagnosis was 53\u2009years, and the tumor affected the temporal lobe in 41% of cases (16\/39, 41%). Microscopically, the tumors consisted mainly or entirely of epithelioid cells. Perivascular infiltration (10\/39, 25.6%) and leptomeningeal dissemination (7\/39, 17.9%) were not uncommon. <jats:italic>BRAF<\/jats:italic> V600E mutation was detected in 40.9% of cases (n\u2009=\u20099\/22). Next\u2010generation sequencing revealed that <jats:italic>CDKN2A\/B<\/jats:italic> homogeneous deletion was the most frequently mutated gene (8\/10, 80%), followed by <jats:italic>TERT<\/jats:italic> promoter mutation (7\/10, 70%), Cyclin\u2010dependent kinases 4 or 6 (<jats:italic>CDK4\/6<\/jats:italic>) amplification (5\/10, 50%) and <jats:italic>BRAF<\/jats:italic> V600E mutation (50%, 5\/10). Notably, the incidence of <jats:italic>ARID1B<\/jats:italic> mutation in eGBM was 50% (5\/10), representing the first report of such a mutation in this subtype of GBM. <jats:italic>ARID1B<\/jats:italic> was known to be a subunit of the SWI\/SNF chromatin remodeler. Chromosome analysis showed a 7+\/10\u2010 signature in 90% (9\/10) cases. Adult eGBM carried a dismal prognosis compared to GBM with <jats:italic>IDH<\/jats:italic> and H3 wild\u2010type (typical GBM) (OS: 13.89 vs 24.30\u2009months; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.003) and even typical GBM without <jats:italic>MGMT<\/jats:italic> promoter methylation (OS: 13.89 vs 22.08\u2009months; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.036). Based on these findings, it can be concluded that adult eGBM harbors a high frequency of the 7+\/10\u2212 signature and alterations in the MAPK pathway, <jats:italic>SWI\/SNF<\/jats:italic> complex and cyclin\u2010related genes and portends an extremely poor prognosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.34854","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]],"date-time":"2024-02-27T10:41:45Z","timestamp":1709030505000},"page":"172-183","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Adult epithelioid glioblastoma exhibits an extremely poor prognosis and high frequency of <i>SWI\/SNF<\/i> complex mutation: Insights from a retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"155","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7223-1858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaoyan","family":"Xi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Sun Yat\u2010sen University Cancer Center  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shimeng","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Sun Yat\u2010sen University Cancer Center  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hainan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Guangdong Sanjiu Brain Hospital  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qitao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Sun Yat\u2010sen University Cancer Center  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiabin","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Sun Yat\u2010sen University Cancer Center  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co, Ltd  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Sun Yat\u2010sen University Cancer Center  Guangzhou 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