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However, the presence of reverse causality and residual confounding due to common risk factors introduces uncertainty regarding the extent to which endometriosis itself contributes to the development of cancer. We performed the Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the causal associations between endometriosis and 34 different types of cancers. The results of the inverse\u2010variance\u2010weighted (IVW) model suggested that genetic predisposition to endometriosis was causally associated with an increased risk for ovarian cancer (OR\u2009=\u20093.2913; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010value\u2009=\u2009.0320). The genetic liabilities to endometriosis had causal associations with the decreased risk for skin cancer (OR\u2009=\u20090.9973; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010value\u2009=\u2009.0219), hematological cancer (OR\u2009=\u20090.9953; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010value\u2009=\u2009.0175) and ER\u2212 breast cancer (OR\u2009=\u20090.6960; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010value\u2009=\u2009.0381). The causal association of the above combinations were robust by test of heterogeneity and pleiotropy. Together, our study suggests that endometriosis had causal effect on cancer risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.34876","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]],"date-time":"2024-02-07T10:53:58Z","timestamp":1707303238000},"page":"1948-1954","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Causal effects of endometriosis on cancer risk: A Mendelian randomization study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"154","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8699-3257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tianyou","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The College of Pediatrics Chongqing Medical University  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huilin","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Medicine College Chongqing Medical University  Chongqing 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