{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T22:15:35Z","timestamp":1791497735253,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]],"date-time":"2024-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022R1A2C1004608"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022R1A2C1004608"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003478","name":"Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000015","name":"U.S. Department of Energy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000015","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl Journal of Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The female predominance of gallbladder cancer (GBC) has led to a hypothesis regarding the hormone\u2010related aetiology of GBC. We aimed to investigate the association between female reproductive factors and GBC risk, considering birth cohorts of Asian women. We conducted a pooled analysis of 331,323 women from 12 cohorts across 4 countries (China, Japan, Korea, and Singapore) in the Asia Cohort Consortium. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the association between reproductive factors (age at menarche, parity, age at first delivery, breastfeeding, and age at menopause) and GBC risk. We observed that a later age at menarche was associated with an increased risk of GBC (HR 1.4, 95% CI 1.16\u20131.70 for 17\u2009years and older vs. 13\u201314\u2009years), especially among the cohort born in 1940 and later (HR 2.5, 95% CI 1.50\u20134.35). Among the cohort born before 1940, women with a later age at first delivery showed an increased risk of GBC (HR 1.56, 95% CI 1.08\u20132.24 for 31\u2009years of age and older vs. 20\u2009years of age and younger). Other reproductive factors did not show a clear association with GBC risk. Later ages at menarche and at first delivery were associated with a higher risk of GBC, and these associations varied by birth cohort.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.34916","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]],"date-time":"2024-03-13T17:13:55Z","timestamp":1710350035000},"page":"240-250","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Association of female reproductive and hormonal factors with gallbladder cancer risk in Asia: A pooled analysis of the Asia Cohort Consortium"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"155","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6426-1969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aesun","family":"Shin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine Seoul National University College of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Cancer Research Institute Seoul National University  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Integrated Major 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School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9267-3637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sayada Zartasha","family":"Kazmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine Seoul National University College of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4867-2450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryoko","family":"Katagiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cohort Research National Cancer Centre, Institute for Cancer Control  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Merritt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Daffodil 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