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Our study prospectively evaluated the association between trace metals at Tanner breast stage B1 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009291) and at stages both B1 and B4 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009253) and breast density at 2\u2009years post\u2010menarche among Chilean girls from the Growth and Obesity Cohort Study. Dual\u2010energy x\u2010ray absorptiometry assessed the volume of dense breast tissue (absolute fibroglandular volume [FGV]) and percent breast density (%FGV). Urine trace metals included arsenic, barium, cadmium, cobalt, cesium, copper, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, lead, antimony, selenium, tin, thallium, vanadium, and zinc. At B1, a doubling of thallium concentration resulted in 13.69\u2009cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> increase in absolute FGV (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>: 13.69, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.81, 24.52), while a doubling of lead concentration resulted in a 7.76\u2009cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> decrease in absolute FGV (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>: \u20137.76, 95%CI: \u221214.71, \u22120.73). At B4, a doubling of barium concentration was associated with a 10.06\u2009cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> increase (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>: 10.06, 95% CI: 1.44, 18.60), copper concentration with a 12.29\u2009cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> increase (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>: 12.29, 95% CI: 2.78, 21.56), lead concentration with a 9.86\u2009cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> increase (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>: 9.86, 95% CI: 0.73, 18.98), antimony concentration with a 12.97\u2009cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> increase (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>: 12.97, 95% CI: 1.98, 23.79) and vanadium concentration with a 13.14\u2009cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> increase in absolute FGV (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>: 13.14, 95% CI: 2.73, 23.58). Trace metals may affect pubertal breast density at varying developmental stages with implications for increased susceptibility for breast cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.34930","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]],"date-time":"2024-04-03T11:13:54Z","timestamp":1712142834000},"page":"627-636","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Time\u2010specific impact of trace metals on breast density of adolescent girls in Santiago, Chile"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"155","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1163-8590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire E.","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health University of California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology University of Chile  Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandra M.","family":"Binder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health University of California  Los Angeles California USA"},{"name":"Population Sciences in the Pacific Program University of Hawaii Cancer Center  Honolulu Hawaii USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chitra","family":"Amarasiriwardena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"Shepherd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Sciences in the Pacific Program University of Hawaii Cancer Center  Honolulu Hawaii USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Camila","family":"Corvalan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology University of Chile  Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karin B.","family":"Michels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health University of California  Los Angeles California USA"},{"name":"Institute for Prevention and Cancer Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center University of Freiburg  Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055\u20109965.EPI\u201006\u20100345"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055\u20109965.EPI\u201006\u20100034"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4143\/crt.2011.43.1.42"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa013390"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kww145"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/bcr3228"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011\u2010022\u201003512\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011\u2010022\u201003439\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165348"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","unstructured":"National Research Council (US).Committee on Diet and Health. 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