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Previously, we reported that exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) increases the risk of cervical precancerous lesions, especially in females with a high\u2010risk human papillomavirus (HR\u2010HPV) infection. However, the effects of PAHs on CIN1 progression remain unclear. A community\u2010based prospective cohort study was conducted to evaluate the role of exposure to PAHs in the progression of CIN1. A total of 564 patients diagnosed with CIN1 were followed\u2010up at 6, 12, and 24\u2009months, post\u2010diagnosis, to determine CIN1 reversion, persistence, and progression. Exposure to PAHs was determined by the urine 1\u2010hydroxipayrene (1\u2010OHP) level. Our results showed that the 1\u2010OHP level was significantly higher in patients with CIN1 persistence\/progression than in those with reversion (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05). High exposure to PAHs increased the risk of CIN1 persistence\/progression, with hazard ratios (HR), 95% confidence intervals (CI) of (1.62, 1.24\u20132.67), (1.98, 1.42\u20132.75), and (2.37, 1.61\u20133.49) at 6, 12, and 24\u2009months, post\u2010diagnosis, respectively. The effect was enhanced with HR\u2010HPV positivity, as determined at 6 (1.82, 1.24\u20132.67), 12 (3.02, 1.74\u20135.23), and 24 (2.51, 1.48\u20134.26) months, post\u2010diagnosis. Moreover, the predictive value of exposure to PAHs for CIN1 persistence\/progression was higher in HR\u2010HPV\u2010positive patients than in HR\u2010HPV\u2010negative patients. The results revealed that exposure to PAHs facilitated the malignant progression of CIN1 and hindered its reversal, particularly in patients with HR\u2010HPV infection. Our findings provide novel insights into early prevention and intervention targeting the initiation and progression of cervical neoplasia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.34990","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,11]],"date-time":"2024-05-11T13:39:15Z","timestamp":1715434755000},"page":"1162-1171","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons promotes the progression of low\u2010grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: A population\u2010based cohort study in China"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"155","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4426-2489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meng","family":"Cui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health Shanxi Medical University  Taiyuan 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